Topical Blog Week #7 (Due Thursday)

The first clip is of a dog receiving a treat reinforcer every time it emits the behavior of standing up on its hind legs. This is an example of continuous reinforcement because the dog is receiving the reinforcer every time it successfully emits the target behavior.
A=Kitchen
B=Dog stands on hind legs
C=Dog receives treat
This clip demonstrates positive reinforcement on a continuous schedule because the dog receives a pleasurable consequence(treat) every time it emits the correct target behavior(stands on hind legs) in the kitchen(antecedent).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkXPEfpJzBw

This next clip is of a dog balancing things on its nose. This represent a variable interval schedule of reinforcement because the dog doesn't know how long it needs to emit the target behavior of holding still before it receives the reinforcer.
A=Living Room
B=Dog Holds Still
C=Dog eventually gets balanced item or treat
This clip demonstrates positive reinforcement on a variable interval schedule because the dog receives something pleasurable(item or treat) for emitting the target behavior(stay still) after a random amount of time in the living room(antecedent).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6J4dedtP2M

Terms: Reinforcement, Reinforcer, Antecedent, Pleasurable, Emit, Target Behavior, Continuous reinforcement, Variable Interval schedule

In the first clip we see James Woods coming in the door and seeing a piece of candy on the ground and keeps walking through the house following the candy until he becomes trapped under a box. This clip represents continuous reinforcement because for every step James Woods takes through the house he receives a piece of candy.

A – Peter and Brian want to get rid of James Woods
B – James Woods goes through the house and eats the candy
C – James Woods becomes trapped in a Box

This is an example of positive reinforcement because they are providing James Woods with a pleasurable stimulus (the candy) to get him to come up the steps to the box. The clip is demonstrating continuous reinforcement because Peter and Brian want James Woods to come through the house to their trap, so after each step he is rewarded by finding a piece of candy. The ABCs help explain what is going on in this clip because they explain why Peter and Brain want James Woods to come through the house. They also explain what James Woods did when being continuously reinforced, and what the consequences were.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbZAofv571w&feature=related

In the second clip we see Chris running on a treadmill trying to get to the Twinkie that is dangling in front of him. This clip demonstrates a Variable Interval schedule of reinforcement. It could also be considered a Variable Ratio schedule of reinforcement.

A – Chris wants to lose weight but doesn’t like to exercise so Peter hangs a Twinkie in front of Chris
B – Chris runs on the treadmill trying to get the Twinkie
C – Chris eventually gets the Twinkie

This is an example of positive reinforcement because Chris is receiving a pleasurable stimulus (the Twinkie) for running on the treadmill. This clip is demonstrating a variable interval schedule of reinforcement because Chris does not know how much time will pass before he will figure out how to get the Twinkie down from in front of him. This could also be considered a Variable Ratio schedule of reinforcement if we based it on the fact that Chris does not know how many tries it will take him to get the Twinkie down from in front of him. The ABCs help explain why Chris is running on the treadmill and why positive reinforcement is necessary. They also explain what the consequences were from a variable ratio or interval schedule of reinforcement.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pz0mJC818m8

Terms: Continuous Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Variable Interval, Variable Ratio

Continuous reinforcement with chocolate

This is an episode of the big bang theory where Sheldon gives penny a chocolate every time she does something he thinks is correct. This is an example continuous reinforcement because penny gets the chocolate every time she emits a correct behavior, such as, not sitting in Sheldon’s spot on the couch.

A: Sheldon wants penny to emit correct behavior
B: Penny does not sit in Sheldon’s spot
C: Penny gets a chocolate

This is an example of positive reinforcement because Sheldon is giving Penny chocolate every time she emits a behavior he wants her to increasing the likelihood that she will emit the desired behavior again. The antecedent is that Sheldon wants to train Penny to emit the correct behaviors. Penny does emit the correct behavior of not sitting in Sheldon’s spot and is reinforced with chocolate. This is an example of continuous reinforcement because Penny continuously receives the chocolate. The consequence of not sitting in Sheldon’s spot is getting the chocolate.

Terms used: positive reinforcement, behavior, emit, antecedent, continuous reinforcement, consequence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4

Variable ratio Playing BINGO

The crew of Orange County Choppers goes to a nursing home to play BINGO with the residents there. Playing BINGO is a variable ratio schedule because the people are in reinforced after an unpredictable amount of responses or balls called.

A: playing bingo with the crew of OCC
B: fills the correct amount of spaces for a bingo
C: receives an OCC prize

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the lady receives a prize after she has gotten a bingo so she will increase the likelihood that she will play bingo again. The crew coming to the nursing home to play bingo was the antecedent or the set up of the reinforcement. The lady emitted the behavior of filling the card correctly but she did not know when she was going to be reinforced so she was on a variable ratio schedule. She obtained a bingo and the consequence was she was reinforced with a reinforcer the prize from the OCC crew.

Terms used: positive reinforcement, antecedent, reinforcement, emitted, behavior, variable ratio, consequence, reinforced, reinforcer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdKIVZkwExU&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL013621A30BDE3F1

continuous reinforcement
In this video I posted this is a great example of continuous reinforcment. This video shows a cat walking on his heels and dancing and every time he does this target behavior he is reinforced with food. The reason this is continuous reinforcement is because every time the kitten emitts this behavior he is reinforced.

A=the owner is in the room
B=kitten walks on his heals
C=kitten is reinforced with food

This is an example of positive reinforcement. The reason this is true is because the kitten is reinforced every time she emitts the behavior and it is always positive because she is given food. The behavior is likely to increase because of the positive reinforcement.

The antecedent in this video clip is the owner simply being in the same room as the kitten. With the owner being in the same room the kitten knows now that the behavior will be reinforced. The behavior that actually occurs is the kitten walking on his heals, and the consequence of the behavior is the kitten being reinforced with the food. The reason the behavior happens is because the kitten had been reinforced in the past, so that made the behavior occur again.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anl_wH0KqwU&feature=relmfu

Variable Ratio(VR)
This is a video of a boxer and a little girl. The little girl tries over and over to get this scarf on the dog. The dog continues to walk around and avoid the scarf. The little girl begins to feel adversive towards the dogs response so she asks her mom to make the dog stop walking around and let her put the scarf on him. The consequence of her trying over and over again is that the dog finally allows her to emit that behavior. This is an example of variable ratio because the behavior was only emitted after a certain amount of tries, and it wasn't reinforced every time.

A=the little girl gets a scarf, and the dog walks by
B=the little girl tries to put the scarf on the dog
C=the dog won't let the girl put the scarf on at first, but finally gives in

This is an example of positive reinforcement. Although the girl wasn't reinforced every time she emitted that action, she was finally reinforced with time and more effort. The fact that she was reinforced increases the likelihood of the behavior to increase.

The antecedent of this clip is when the little girl first gets a scarf and sees the dog. Something in her mind thinks it'll be a good idea to try and have the dog wear the scarf. When she actually tries to emit the behavior of the dog wearing the scarf it doesn't work the first couple of times, but with more effort her action is finally reinforced. The consequence of her continuing to try and get the dog to elicit her to put the scarf on it is that she is finally reinforced.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=njI5jwQwJxU

continuous reinforcement, variable ratio, target behavior, reinforced, emitts, positive reinforcement, antecedent, adversive, consequence, emit, elicit

in this 1st clip mario go's around and hit's blocks. every time he hits a block he gets something.

the antecedent is playing mario.
the behavior is hitting blocks
the consequence is getting something out of the block.

this is a example of continuous reinforcement. with positive reinforcement because mario emits the behavoir of hitting the block he will continue to hit block to be able to continue in the game.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3onkO4lHsQ

in this video people are playing yahtzee and for every time you get a specific order of the dice you get a specific number of points this is a example of conterminous scheduled reinforcement vr because it has a specific order you have to fallow to get the reinforcement.

antecedent playing yahtzee
behavior getting 3,4,5,6
consequence get to put 30 points on score card

terms target behavior, emit antecedent, behavior, consequence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZFqhvGq-LQ

In this clip, a woman is trying to reinforce her dog so that she can elicit the dog to go to its bed every time she tells it to. She starts by summoning the dog towards the bed and when the dog’s paws touch the bed, she clicks a “clicker” and presents the dog with a treat. She continues this process until the dog associates getting a treat with being on the bed. This represents continuous reinforcement, because the dog is reinforced with a treat every time it steps on the bed.

A= The owner wants the dog to get on the bed.
B= The dog steps on the bed.
C= There is a click and the dog gets a treat.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, because the owner is adding the addition of the treats to elicit the dog to emit a sitting on the bed behavior. The antecedent is that the woman wants her dog to lie down on its bed. The behavior is the dog emitting a sitting on the bed behavior. Finally, the consequence is that the dog hears a click and receives a treat.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQzXdAA3vk8&feature=related

In this clip, a bird owner is reinforcing his parrot to emit trick behaviors such as waiving, turning around, and nodding. Every time the birds emits a desired behavior, the own manipulates a clicker. At the end, the owner presents the parrot with a treat. This represents variable ratio reinforcement, because the owner has the parrot emit a variety of behavior before reinforcing it with a treat.

A= The owner wants their parrot to emit trick behaviors
B= The parrot emits trick behaviors
C= The owner manipulates a clicker and presents a treat to the bird.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, because the bird owner is using the addition of a clicker and a treat to reinforce trick emitting behaviors. The antecedent it that the owner wants their parrot to emit trick behaviors. The behavior is the parrot emitting trick behaviors, and the consequence is that the owner manipulates a clicker and presents the bird with a treat.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwqjVeYXnuA

Term: Emit, elicit, manipulate, positive reinforcement, reinforcement, behaviors, consequence, antecedent.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZKZxpwBPG0&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL8882556979F793B4

This clip is from the pixar movie "monster's inc". It shows the beginning of the movie and about halfway through the clip you will see the monsters going through the doors, scaring children and then the door goes away, this elicits the behavior of the first door being replaced by another door. This is an example of continuous reinforcement because every time that a monster emits a scaring behavior to a kid he/she is rewarded with another do in which to scare another child.
A=Scare floor
B=Scaring a child
C=Getting a new door
This scene is an example of positive reinforcement because you are reinforcing the emitting the scaring behavior by the addition of the reinforcer (the door), making it positive reinforcement.
This clip demonstrates the schedules of reinforcement well because you can tell that the subjects (monsters) are enthused to emit the target behavior repeatedly. Another example of positive reinforcement in this clip (as extra) is the points that they earn. It's token economy to keep the monsters thinking that scaring is a pleasurable experience for them even though it may not be for the children behind the doors.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eGml2GopT8&feature=related

This is a clip from the big bang theory in which sheldon knocks on penny's door. He does this in a series of three knocks followed by Penny's name, he does this three times (three sets of knocks). This is an example of a fixed ratio behavior because it is not every time that Sheldon emits a set of knocks that Penny answers the door (continuous reinforcement), instead it is every 3 sets of knocks that elicits Penny to emit the behavior of answering the door. This happens in many episodes of the show this is just one time.
A=Apartment
B=3 sets of knocks
C= Penny answers the door
This is an example of positive reinforcement for sheldon, this is because every three times that Sheldon emits the behavior of knocking on the door in three sets, he is reinforced by Penny manipulating the door handle hence opening the door.
This is a good example for the ABC's of behavior because if you put the ABC's together then you can get a clear picture of what is going on in the scene (at least for the first couple seconds of this one). The antecedent tells you the setting that it is in and the antecedent is really part of the reason sheldon can emit this behavior, if he didn't live right across from Penny in their apartment he may be less likely to knock on her door. The antecedent in this case could also be a discriminative stimulus. The behavior is something that big bang watchers have come to know of Sheldon, he always emits this same exact behavior when knocking on Penny's door, non-watchers may not know what it means by three sets of knocks but watchers of the show will know what it is. The consequence is a pleasurable one for Sheldon since he is knocking on the door to get Penny's attention and in the end he gets what he wants.

Terms: elicit, continuous reinforcement, positive reinforcement, reinforcer, emit, target behavior, addition, schedules of reinforcement, token economy, pleasurable, behavior, fixed ratio, reinforced, manipulating, antecedent, discriminative stimulus, consequence

This first clip is a sort of how-to with training your cat. At about 1:18 the video shows a number of behaviors and clicker -reinforcement. This is an example of continuous reinforcement because every time the cat does the target behavior it is rewarded with a treat and a clicking noise.

A=wanting your cat to touch its nose to your hand
B=cat touches your hand with its nose
C=cat rewarded with a treat and a clicker is clicked

This is an example of positive reinforcement because a treat is added and the behavior will increase.

If the antecedent is that you want your cat to touch its nose to the palm of your hand you will deliver the consequence of a treat and the clicking noise when he emits the target behavior.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6wgbCmaD8o&feature=related

This second clip is a boxer balancing various things on its nose until its owner says it can have the treat or toy. This is an example of a Variable Interval Reinforcement schedule because the owner makes the dog wait an random amount of time before reinforcing the dog with the treat or toys on its nose.

A=there is a treat/toy on the boxer's noise
B=the dog balances the object on its nose
C=after a random amount of time the dog gets the object on its nose and a treat and praise

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the likelihood of the desired behavior reoccurring increases and the treat, praise, and object is added.

With the antecedent of an object on the boxer's nose it must emit the behavior of balancing it for a random amount of time until its owner gives the signal that it can have the object. After the target behavior occurs the owner reinforces the behavior by allowing the dog to have the object as well as a treat while praising the dog.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6J4dedtP2M

My first video clip is a example of continuous reinforcement because the lady in the clip used a stool for the puppy to emit a standing behavior on it, when the dog emits the target behavior of stepping a clicker noise is used and the puppy has an operant response to the sound and immediately looks for the reinforcement of a treat. This is an operant behavior that is occurring because of the discriminative stimuli for example the stool for the puppy to stand on which can be described as a operant behavior because the stool sets an occasion for the clicker noise as the reinforcer that a treat will be present in the future. The respective schedule of this behavior would be the continuing of the stepping behavior the puppy is emitting to receive reinforcement.

A: Stool
B: Stepping on the stool
C: Clicker noise that relates to a treat

This is an example of positive reinforcement because you are adding a treat when the desired behavior is being emitted.

The concept on how this clip is demonstrating the ABC’s is when the dog emits a stepping behavior on the stool the puppy would then response to a clicking noise that is used as a reinforcer of his behavior followed by a treat. The stool is the antecedent, stepping on the stool is the behavior and the clicker followed by the treat is the consequence.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLovJvzs5_k&feature=related

The second video I found was about a fixed ratio. To dog under the fixed ratio is suppose to touch a nob (touching of the nob is the target behavior) which results in a beeping noise that indicates a treat in a container behind the dog. After that the dog would then turn around and emit the same behavior with its nose on the nob hear the beeping noise and turn around to receive its reinforcement for the behavior. This is a fixed ratio schedule because the dog only emitted one nose to nob behavior before it received reinforcement for the behavior.

A: Nob
B: Touching nob with nose
C: Beeping noise which indicates a treat

This is an example of positive reinforcement because when emitting the desired behavior of touching the nob, the dog was reinforced with a treat.

The concept on how this clip is demonstrating the ABC’s is when the dog emits the touching behavior with its nose to the nob would result in a beeping noise, which indicated a treat (reinforcer). The nob is the antecedent, touching the nob with nose is the behavior that is being emitted, and finally the beeping resulting in a treat is the consequence.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-kc0ekAYNA
WATCH VIDEO AT 0:51- 2:06 or sooner when you see what behaviors is being emitted.

TERMS: emit, positive reinforcement, fixed ratio, behavior, consequence, antecedent, reinforcement, reinforcer, continuous reinforcement, target behavior, operant response, operant behavior, discriminative stimuli

The first video I found is a parody video of Billy Blanks Tae Bo. This is a workout video, and workout instructors are all about reinforcement. It respresents continuous reinforcement, because each time a new move is learned, Billy Blanks will give out a form of praise.

ABC's of Behavior

A=Workout video
B=Doing workout dance moves
C=Being praised by Billy Blanks

This is an example of positive reinforcement because Billy is adding the element of being praised to increase the pleasurable behavior.

It's showing continuous reinforcement because after ever new dance move learned the person watching gets praised. So you are watching this video clip, and do the new move that Billy Blanks just taught you, as a consequence you are reinforced by praise. Praise is the reinforcer.

You can start watching this video at about 3 minutes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kotlrxKc828

This last video shows a fixed interval. It is a comedic video showing what could happen to the apple company next. In this video there is an iPod Human and it has an alarm built into it's system, when the owner is the using the iPod an alarm will sound every three seconds.

ABC's of Behavior

A=Own an iPod Human
B=Not using iPod Human
C=Built in Alarm goes off

This is more an example of positive punishment. In my opinion it would be more of positive punishment because it would get annoying after a period of time and would decrease the behavior not using the iPod Human.

The alarm sounds every 3 seconds, time would be an interval and if it's a set amount then it is fixed. The alarm is therefore a fixed interval. By owning the iPod human that would be the antecedent. The only reason the alarm goes if is if the owner emits the behavior to not use the iPod human. By not using the iPod human this sets up the extrememly aversive consequence of the built in alarm.

If you would like you can start the video at 1:29ish

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Phbe8mEDMe4

Terms: reinforcer, reinforcement, consequence, behavior, antecedent, aversive, continuous reinforcement, fixed interval, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, pleasurable, emit

Continuous Reinforcement
This video is an allstate insurance commercial. If you have allstate insurance and you wreck your car within the first 3 years of owning it, you will get a new car replacement. It demonstrates continuous reinforcement because your not reinforced every time you drive, but if you emit an accident you will be reinforced with a new car. Many times driving does not elicit reinforcement or punishment, but in this case you will receive a reinforcer (the car replacement) because you have allstate insurance.

A) Having allstate car insurance
B) Having a car accident within the first 3 years
C) Get a new car replacement

This is postive reinforcement because you are adding something(the new car) when you have an accident.

The ABC's demonstrate this because first you get the insurance (A), and then if you have an accident (B), you will receive a reinforcer because of the new car replacement (C). If you didn't emit buying allstate and are in an accident, you might have a different consequence and have to get an older car that is not as nice.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGztiLEJCcY&feature=related

VI
In this clip, there are two children playing hide and seek. The girl emits counting to ten, while the boys target behavior is to hide. This is variable interval schedule because it gives a minimum amount of time that can pass. She has to count to 10, but she could also wait longer to emit seeking.

A)Playing hide and seek
B)Counting to 10
C)Reinforced after 10 to go find the boy

This is positive reinforcement because she is adding the option to seek for the hiding kid.

If she does not emit counting to ten, she can not look for the child because she would be cheating. If a child constantly cheats, you would want to use the extinction process and decrease the frequency of the aversive behavior. If the child does count to ten (B), the consequence is going to be the girl gets to look for the person who is hiding.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOdgugjMliI

Terms: continuous reinforcement, reinforced, emit, elicit, reinforcement, punishment, positive reinforcement, consequence, target behavior, variable interval, extinction, behavior, aversive

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o1YTKKmcEE&feature=related

This video is of a chinchilla emitting a behavior of propping itself "up". In eliciting to do so, the chinchilla is rewarded by receiving a "click" and a treat.
A= training the chinchilla
B= propping himself "up" on her fingers
C= receives a treat and a "click"
This is positive reinforcement because the chinchilla is receiving a treat/reward in doing the target behavior.
The clip demonstrates continuous reinforcement by eliciting treats continually as the chinchilla elicits the target behavior. She repeats the behavior as she is rewarded positively. The ABCs explain what the clip consist of. It entails what is leading to the behavior, the antecedent, what the behavior is, and the consequence of the behavior.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9XOb_pt0Mg
This video is of a girl play skee ball at a carnival. She tries her hardest but still does not come out a winner.
A=Attending a carnival
B=playing skee ball
C=losing money trying to win
This is negative reinforcement because the aversive consequence, of the parents losing their money in order for their daughter to try to win.
The clip demonstrates variable interval because she is reinforced due to the average amount of time people have won playing the game. It is not an exact time or due to an action that is elicited. The ABCs explain that the little girl is merely playing skee ball due to the fact she is at a carnival and that she is not winning. Due to the aversive consequence of variable interval not being in her favor of playing skee ball.

Terminology: reinforced, emitting, eliciting, positive reinforcement, target behavior, consequence, negative reinforcement, aversive consequence, variable interval.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P19jmh_ny3k

In this first video, a rat is in a box. Everytime the rat presses the button, it is continuously reinforced by receiving food. This represents continuous reinforcement, because no matter how many times the rat hits the button, he will ALWAYS be reinforced with food.

A: In a box and hungry
B: Pushes button
C: Receives food

This is an example of positive reinforcement because when the rat pushes the button, he is reinforced with food. This will then increase this behavior to emitting to push the button.

This clip is demonstrating continuous reinforcement because the rat always receive a pleasurable reinforcer (the food). He doesn't have to do something, nor does he have to press the button so many times in order to receive any reinforcement. Everytime he pushes the button, bam, some food! This is explained by the ABC's because it states the behavior that is being elicited, why the behavior is being emitted, and the consequence for emitting that behavior.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-kc0ekAYNA

This clip is of a dog, his owner and a machine. The first time the dog pushes the red stick, the machine makes a noise and his favorite treat (reinforcer) comes out. The dog goes back again, pushes the red stick, the machine makes a noise but no treat comes out this time. The dog repeats the process a couple more times. After a fixed amount of pushes, the machine gives out another treat. This is called a fixed ratio schedule. This represents fixed ratio reinforcement because the dog has to push the red stick so many times in order for the machine to pop out a treat.

A: Smells his favorite treat
B: Pushes the red stick
C: Get's rewarded with favorite treat

This is an example of positive reinforcment because when the dog emitts the behavior of pushing the red stick so many times, he is rewarded with his favorite treat. This then increases his behavior of pushing the red stick.

As I stated above, this is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement. The clip is demonstrating this because, again as stated above, the dog has to push the button so many times in order to receive the treat. This can be explained by the ABC's because it explains the elicted behavior, the dog emitting to that behavior and the consequence of him receiving the treat.

Terminology used: reinforcement, reinforced, continuous reinforcement, positive reinforcement, emitting, reinforcer, elicited, emitted, fixed ratio schedule, schedule of reinforcement, consequence.

Clip #1- Continuous Reinforcement

This video is from the show "The Big Bang Theory" and shows multiple clips of Sheldon knocking. He has gathered thus far that when he knocks and makes note that it is him people will answer. This represents continuous reinforcement because he is reinforced each time with an answer from whom ever he is waiting/looking for.

A-Needing to talk

B-Sheldon's Knock

C-Answer

This is an example of Positive Reinforcement because there is an addition of a response and that is something desirable to Sheldon. The antecedent in this situation just shows that if Sheldon didn't need anything he wouldn't be knocking. He then emits a knocking behavior specific to him so that all his friends know that it is him and they will reward him with a consequence of answering the door or acknowledging his presence.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s38qz_vWgQQ&feature=related

Clip #2- Variable Ratio

This is a Acura car commercial from the Super Bowl. In it Jerry Seinfeld is trying to be the first one to get the new car after multiple attempts the other man finally gives in.

A-Car Dealership.

B-Bribbing for the new car

C-Recieving the car

This is an example of positive punishment. Because the man in the car sees Jerry's visits as aversive and doesn't seem to enjoy them every much at all.

The clip demonstrates variable ratio because the new car is something desirable to Jerry which he is willing to try over and over again to persuade the other man to give him. After countless tries he is finally rewarded, even if it's only for a short time. The antecedent is important in this situation because if this took place anywhere else someone may be extremely creeped out by all the bribes. The behavior of bribing is important because it is how Jerry intends to get what he wants resulting in the consequence of his new car.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LofPu0ycbo&feature=b-cat-autos

Terms: Continuous reinforcement, reinforced, positive reinforcement, desirable, antecedent, emit, behavior, consequence, variable ratio, positive punishment, aversive.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU5IJ-VtePQ (starting at 6:20. sorry couldn't just find the ending part!)
This clip demonstrates continuous reinforcement. It is a clip from the show "Spongebob Squarepants," and it shows Spongebob cleaning up the stage after Squidward gets booed off and gets tomatoes thrown at him. Every time Spongebob moves the mop around, the crowd cheers wildly. He is continuously reinforced to clean up the stage, but the people's cheers.

A: Spongebob is at a talent show, where someone was just booed off the stage
B: Spongebob starts mopping up the stage
C: The crowd cheers and goes wild every time he moves the mop.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, because something was added (cheers) to make it reinforcing.

This demonstrates the concept of continuous reinforcement, because Spongebob is reinforced with every mopping behavior he emits, eliciting him to emit the behavior more. The ABC's help explain what is going on in the clip in a condensed version. The antecedent tells you what the establishing operation is, and then his behavior and the consequence of it, resulting in him emitting this behavior more often.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL2AwKI6vZk&feature=related

In this clip, a girl is emitting the behavior of running away from a killer, and she gets into her car which won't start right away. She tries a couple of times before the car actually starts. There is no fixed number or time before the car starts, so this would be an example a variable ratio.

A: Killer is after a girl, and girl is running away from him
B: The girl tries multiple times to start the car
C: The car eventually starts (although it is tied to a tree...)

This is an example of positive reinforcement because her emitting the behavior of trying to start the car and getting out of the aversive situation, and finally being reinforced from trying, will make the behavior more likely to be emitted.
The clip demonstrates the concept of variable ratio, because there it is a random number of times she had to try before the car started, not fixed.

terms used: emit(s,ted) eliciting, aversive, variable ratio, positive reinforcement, continuous reinforcement, consequence.

The first clip is of a woman training her dog. She holds out a treat in front of his nose until he turns in the direction she wants. When he does, he is reinforced with a treat and a click. The click is the neutral stimulus that will eventually become the conditioned stimulus. It represents continuous reinforcement because it stays constant. When the dog emits the target behavior, he is always reinforced with a treat. It is consistent and unchanging.
A= With owner
B= Do trick
C= Receive treat
This case represents positive reinforcement because the owner adds something positive to reinforce the behavior.
I already explained how it demonstrates the concept of continuous reinforcement, but the antecedent of being with the owner followed by the behavior of completing the trick elicits a consequence of receiving a treat. And that is how it is.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jLVMPrv4pk

The second clip is of Carmelo Anthony’s 33 point quarter against the Timberwolves in 2008. He just keeps scoring, drive after drive. This represents a fixed ratio schedule because he is reinforced after a pre determined number of behaviors. Every time he makes a shot, he is reinforced with points.
A= In a basketball game
B= Make a shot
C= Get points
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something positive.
This a great example of continuous reinforcement and an O.K. representation of a fixed ratio schedule just because the reinforcement occurs after a predetermined number of completed behaviors. Even though it is only one behavior that is required, it is still a fixed number. In the context of a basketball game, after making a shot, the player is rewarded with points.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukfnN2j34aE

Terms: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Elicit, Continuous Reinforcement, Fixed Ratio, Reinforced, Stimulus, Emit, Neutral Stimulus, Target Behavior

This video I found is an example of continuous positive reinforcement. It's a video of a mom emitting a behavior of holding a piece of food up in front of a baby in his high chair in order to obtain the consequence of a cat jumping up to get it and the positive reinforcement of the baby laughing at it. Every time that the cat jumps up, the baby laughs so it is continuous reinforcement.

A:Baby is sitting in a high chair at lunch/dinner time
B:Mom feeds the cat in front of the baby
C:Baby laughs uncontrollably

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the mom wants the baby to be happy so she keeps feeding the cat in order to make the baby laugh over and over again.

This video is an example of continuous reinforcement because every time the mom feeds the cat in front of the baby, the baby laughs. The mom wants the baby to keep laughing and to stay happy so she keeps feeding the cat as much as she can.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bX927KQUPc&feature=related

This second video I found is an example of variable ratio. It's a Volkswagen commercial where a child dressed in a Darth Vader costume goes around the house and tries to get things to move or operate telepathically. Just when he his behavior was about to be come extinct, he is reinforced when he tries to turn on his dad's Volkswagen, in which his dad turns it on with his clicker from inside the house. The child doesn't know this, so he thinks that his "powers" are actually beginning to work.

A:Dressing up as Darth Vader
B:Trying to turn on the Volkswagen (and it starts)
C:The child thinks he has powers

This is an example of positive reinforcement because after all these times that he tries to get things to work telepathically, something finally turns on.

This clip is an example of variable ratio because after a random amount of times, the child is reinforced.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R55e-uHQna0

Terms: continuous reinforcement, emitting, behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, variable ratio, extinct, reinforced

The clip is very simple. A man emits a behavior of flushing a toilet. It is continuous reinforcement because every time he flushes the toilet he will be reinforced by the waste being removed.
A – In the Restroom
B – Flush toilet
C – Waste is removed

This clip is Negative reinforcement because something aversive (human waste) is removed. The clip doesn’t show the man actually going to the bathroom but using the restroom elicits the behavior of flushing the toilet. Whenever someone is in the bathroom (antecedent of this clip) they will emit a behavior of flushing the toilet which will be continuously reinforced.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-3Iq3XQkAw

VR
This clip is of a man trying to hit open a piñata and it demonstrates variable ratio. He swings many times without hitting it until finally he hits the piñata and everyone is reinforced with the candy that falls out.
A – At a celebration
B – Hitting piñata
C – Candy falls out

This is an example of positive reinforcement because once the piñata is hit and broke open everyone is reinforced with candy. It is an example of variable ratio because it was unknown how many hits it would take to break open the piñata.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ELky6xuxdU

terms: behavior, negative reinforcement, elicit, emit, variable ratio, antecedent, continuous reinforcement, positive reinforcement,

The two videos that I chose for this assignment have to do with physical therapy. In August I will be beginning the physical therapy program at St. Ambrose University and I really wanted to be able to apply the terms we are learning to something I will be dealing with on a day to day basis.

The first video shows a young girl and her physical therapist completing an exercise. The young girl is emitting the behavior of stepping in and on top of boxes in order to strengthen her leg muscles with the assistance of her therapist. The schedule of reinforcement that this video portrays is continuous reinforcement because every time the girl completes part of the obstacle, she in reinforced with verbal praise from her therapist. There is no variability in reinforcement, the girl receives it each and every time she emits the desirable target behavior. In return, the therapist uses the reinforcer of praise to elicit the child to perform the target behavior again in the future.

A.) Physical therapy session
B.) Girl steps on wooden box
C.) Therapist gives the girl verbal praise

This is an example of positive reinforcement because praise is added to the situation. In order to increase the frequency of the target behavior occurring again in the future, the therapists adds verbal praise. Because the therapist wants the behavior to increase in frequency, it is reinforcement.

Like I mentioned earlier, this clip demonstrates continuous reinforcement because the young girl is reinforced by receiving verbal praise from her therapist after she completes each target behavior. There is no break in which reinforcement is not given. In this clip the context has a large effect on the behavior and consequences present. In this example, the antecedent was being at a physical therapy session. Being in the therapy room is a type of discriminative stimulus. Over time the child has learned how she is expected to act during therapy and what types of behaviors will get her reinforced and which will get her punished. The target behavior emitted was stepping in and on top of wooden boxes. The young girl would not just do this in any other situation, but in therapy she has learned that when she emits this behavior she will receive a desirable consequence. And the consequence in this example was reinforcement from the therapist.

The second video that I chose also shows a therapist doing exercises with a patient. But in this clip the patient is a paralyzed adult. The therapist in this clip is working to strengthen the patient’s arms and core muscles. I know that it is quite difficult to hear what the therapist is saying, but if you listen carefully you can hear her periodically praise the patient. The schedule of reinforcement represented in this clip is a type of intermittent reinforcement known as variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. It is variable because the amount of repetitions the patient does before he gets reinforced varies; it is not a fixed number of times before reinforcement occurs. It is ratio because reinforcement occurs after a number of times of completing the exercise. It is not interval because there is not a certain amount of time before a reinforcer is given, but rather it depends on the number of reps completed.

A.) Physical therapy session
B.) Pulling on the exercise band
C.) Man receives verbal praise from the therapist

This is also an example positive reinforcement because the therapist is trying to increase the frequency of the target behavior by adding praise. Therefore, it is positive because praise is being added.

In this clip the antecedent is being at a physical therapy session. When this antecedent is present, the patient is reinforced with praise when he emits the target behavior of pulling on the exercise band. It is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement because the man is not reinforced each and every time he emits the target behavior, therefore it is not continuous reinforcement. It is variable because the number of times the man has to emit the behavior before praise is given is not set. It is not like every two reps he gets praise, it varies. And the reason why it is ratio is because the reinforcer is dependent on the reps completed, and not on a certain amount of time as in an interval schedule.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0Y6OpCin-s&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMjFlFJMUgI&feature=related

Terms: Emitting, Behavior, Schedule of Reinforcement, Continuous Reinforcement, Reinforced, Variability, Reinforcement, Desirable, Target Behavior, Reinforcer, Elicit, Positive Reinforcement, Frequency, Context, Consequences, Discriminative Stimulus, Punished, Intermittent Reinforcement, Variable Ratio, Fixed, Interval, Antecedent

Continuous Reinforcement

This is a video with a girl teaching her guinea pigs to do tricks such as going in a circle or jumping up. She elicits the behavior of the guinea pig doing the tricks by reinforcing them with treats. Each time they do the trick correctly, she gives them a treat.

A= Learning new tricks
B= Spin in circle
C= Receive treat

This is an example of positive reinforcement. The girl is trying to increase the behavior of her guinea pigs doing their tricks by adding something pleasurable (treats). This is continuous reinforcement because each and every time they do their tricks, they receive a treat.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Wd9N4Y5IAM

Variable Ratio

This is a video of some people (stick figures, yes) playing russian roulette. They load a bullet into the chamber of a gun and pull the trigger, hoping they get lucky.

A= Playing Russian roulette
B= Shoot gun
C= Die

This is positive punishment. The players are trying to decrease the likelihood of being shot by using only one bullet but they are adding something aversive (fear of being shot/actually being shot). This is variable ratio. It is variable because the gun going off doesn’t happen on the same shot every time, it just depends on the rotation of the chamber. It is ratio because we are talking about being reinforced for a certain number of responses. It can either happen on the first shot, or 6th, or any in between.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDyxduGzlyM

Terminology: continuous reinforcement, elicit, behavior, reinforcing, positive reinforcement, pleasurable, variable ratio, positive punishment, aversive

In this clip the dog is rewarded with verbal praise as a reinforcer every time the dog emits the behavior of shutting the door. This is an example of continuous reinforcement because the dog receives the verbal praise as the reinforcer every time it emits the target behavior.

A= living room
B= dog shuts the door
C= Dog receives verbal praise

This clip is an example of positive reinforcement because every time the dog emits the target behavior of shutting the door, the behavior is rewarded with a pleasurable consequence of receiving verbal praise.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k67dW4xi8mw

This clip is of a dog that does a series of tricks to receive a treat. This is an example of a variable interval schedule of reinforcement, because the treats are seemingly given to the dog at random times while performing the commands being asked. So this means the dog doesn’t know how many times they have to emit the desired target behaviors to receive the reinforcement.

A= living room
B= dog follows demands
C= dog gets treat for listening

This clip is an example of positive reinforcement because the dog is treated with something pleasurable for emitting the target behavior after doing the random tricks.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAY7I6i3NI0

TERMS- reinforcer, emits, continuous reinforcement, target behavior, positive reinforcement, variable interval schedule of reinforcement, pleasurable, and consequence.

This clip shows a little boy watching some kind of bread maker. If he watches long enough, the bread pops out, which he finds enjoyable.
A=watching the machine
B=a cake pops out
C=joy and laughter
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the little boy is being rewarded for watching the machine.
The clip is demonstrating continuous reinforcement because as long as the behavior doesn’t change, the reward won’t change. By using the ABC’s, you can tell that this is more than just a random act. Also, since his parents chose to film it, it has become somewhat of an established behavior. The little boy has learned that if he stands there and watches, he will get to see something cool happen.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_GP5flDLv8

In this clip from The Office Jim is up to his pranks with Dwight by sending Dwight faxes from his own personal stationery stating they are from his future self. This is continuous reinforcement because Jim does it from time to time repeating the same action and getting the same result of Dwight reacting to whatever fax Jim sends.

Continuous Reinforcement
A= the office
B= sending the fax
C= Dwight reacting to the fax

This is continuous because we know that Dwight will take whatever his ‘future self’ seriously because he does not know it is a prank. In the clip, the fax states ‘the coffee is poisoned, do not drink the coffee’ and Dwight reacts by preventing someone else from drinking the coffee. Jim is positively reinforced after sending the fax by getting an added reaction out of Dwight.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TWzPLXqd3o

In this video of highlights from UNI vs. Kansas two years ago you see continuous reinforcement of not only points being added to their score, but applause/cheering from the fans.

Fixed Ratio
A= the basketball game
B= making a shot
C= cheering & points

This is continuous positive reinforcement because with every made shot, applause/cheering from the crowd and points are added to the score. It is a fixed ratio because it is reinforced after every emitted behavior instead of just the average number of shots made.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzUFz-58PPA&feature=relmfu

Continuous Reinforcement
This clip is of a baby who continues eating a lemon even though the taste is aversive to him. This may no be correct but thinking about it I figured that by laughing the baby is being reinforced to continue eating the lemon (it may not seem that way, but if you have been around babies, when you reinforce them they will continue a certain behavior even if it’s aversive.) Therefore every time the baby emits the behavior of putting the lemon in his mouth, the adults laugh which enforces their target behavior of reinforcing the child to continuously do it.
A= A baby holding Holding a lemon
B=Putting the lemon in mouth
C= The baby making a funny face, eliciting the adults to laugh.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because you are adding essentially adding laughter to get the baby to emit the lemon eating behavior.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydzhRi_H_O4&feature=related
Variable Ratio
This is a video clip of Jerry Sienfeld attempting to get the first 2012 Acura, he goes through many attempts and persuasions in order to get the guy to move down on the list so that he will be the first one to have the new car. By Jerry emitting the behavior of begging the “number 1” guy multiple times to give him the privilege of being the first owner, he essentially could get what he wants if his bribe reinforcing enough.
A= Car dealership, viewing the new Acura
B= Bribing the number one spot holder to give him the spot
C= Getting first access to the car
This is an example of positive reinforcement because Jerry is adding something each time he trys to persuade the guy to give him the first spot for the car.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUFSHzT2xuY

Terms for both: elicit, aversive, averse, reinforced, reinforcement, emits, target behavior, positive reinforcement, emitting.

Continuous Reinforcement
In this video, the ending target behavior is for the dog to stand in the bowl with all four feet and stay standing. The trainer starts out reinforcing the dog from the moment even one paw is in the bowl, this is to start the pairing of paw(s) in the bowl equals food. When narrowing the behavior the having all four feet in the bowl, the trainer withholds food (reinforcement) until all four feet are in the bowl. Halfway through getting this to occur, the dog begins sitting down in the bowl. When this happens, the trainer withholds food until the dog stands up in the bowl.
A- Dog is wanting food (satiation).
B- Standing in the bowl with all four paws.
C- Rewarded (reinforced) with food.
This is continuous reinforcement (positive).
Every single time the target behavior occurs, the dog is reinforced. This is continuous reinforcement. Dog's are "slaves to their stomachs." A- the dog wants food. B- the trainer wants four paws in the bowl (the dog does this). C- the dog gets the desired food.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=SXmy30pnTtM

Variable Ratio (VR)
In this video the trainer is having the parrot fly from perch to his hand and back to the perch. He says the ratio is 10, however, he rewards the parrot on the sixth flight. Perhaps his average is 10 flights.
A- the parrot is hungry (satiation).
B- parrot flies 6 (or 10) times back and forth, perch to the hand and back.
C- Parrot gets reinforced (rewarded) with food after the ratio requirement is met.
This is positive reinforcement with variable ratio.
The parrot is hungry (A), and every six (or 10) times the parrot flies from the perch to the hand and back to the perch (B), the parrot is reinforced with the food (C).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9NxqUD_MPA

Terminology: saitiation, pairing, target behavior, continuous reinforcement, ratio, positive reinforcement, variable ratio,(A- antecedent), (B- behavior), (C- consequence), reinforced

Continuous Reinforcement
In this clip there is a trainer teaching a lab to be obedient and to sit when it is told to sit. As I was searching for a video for continuous reinforcement I realized that a lot of them were about training animals to do things. In this video the trainer wants the dog to sit or lay down when it is told and when the dog's chest touches the ground they get a treat for listening or obeying the trainer.

ABC's
A- trainer tells dog to lie down.
B- dog lies down on the ground with it's chest touching the ground.
C- trainer gives the dog a treat for listening.

This clip shows positive reinforcement because the dog is getting rewarded for something he is doing right. The trainer knows how to get the dog to do what she wants him to do. This clip shows continuous reinforcement because the dog is always getting what it wants when it lies down. So as long as the dog is listening then he is getting a treat.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3piCjGO8Fc

Variable Ratio
This video isn't a very good example of a variable ratio, but it gets the point across. In this video there are two characters and one of the characters drinks a lot of alcohol. The other character is giving the guy jellybeans if he stays sober everyday. And each day he's sober he gets more and more jellybeans, which he really likes it because jellybeans are his favorite.

ABC's
A- the two characters meet everyday.
B- the guy is staying sober.
C- he gets more and more jellybeans and can concentrate on things better.

This clip is an example of positive reinforcement. The guy really likes jellybeans and his friend is looking out for him because she doesn't want him to drink as much. The guy isn't drinking as much alcohol so the girl is giving him jellybeans everyday and each person is happier thanks to this experiment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaekX5tma6c

Terms: Antecedent, behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, continuous reinforcement, target behavior, variable ratio.