Please read sections 4.1 and 4.2.
After reading section 4.1, please respond to the following questions.
Section 4.1 introduces us to the concept of self-directed behavior. This can be the basis of a powerful way in which we can make changes in our lives as well as the lives of others. What do you think you will remember mostly about the section? Why?
After reading section 4.2, please respond to the following questions.
Section 4.2 lays out the steps for self-directed behavioral change. Which of the 7 steps do you think would be the most difficult to follow in self-direct behavioral change? Why? Which of the 7 steps do you think would be the easiest? Why?
After reading the chapter what information did you find that may have added to what you already knew about behavior modification?
Please make sure you turn in your reading exercises so we can give you credit for doing them.
Let me know if you have any questions.
4.1
After reading this section, I will emit the behavior of remembering that in order to change a behavior you have to be specific. We have discussed this topic in previous sections, but in 4.1 we had blank sections that elicited that we write out an example. These exercises are the reason I will remember to be specific when writing a target behavior. I will also remember that there are four reasons that we change a behavior: the behavior bothers us, bothers other people, it could potentially lead to trouble, or it's illegal. I will remember this because I thought it was interesting because when I think about changing a behavior, I think of it being a choice that we make to satisfy our own desire, but when they lay it out like this, I can see that we also change our behaviors for other reasons.
4.2
After emitting the behavior of reading this section, I came to the conclusion that the toughest part of the 7 steps would be (step 3) keeping a record. If your goal was to eat healthier, for example, the record you would most likely be emitting the behavior of keeping track of would be your calorie count. Recording every single meal and being aware of the amount of calories in every single food you eat would be very difficult and even time consuming, especially if you went out to eat, so I think this would be the most challenging step. The step that would be the easiest, in my opinion, would be defining the goal. We all have things we want to improve or change, so all you have to do in this step is be specific about what it is you need to do in order to achieve this goal. That seems pretty simple. I feel that this entire chapter added to my knowledge from previous chapters and prior knowledge, so it's hard to define specific topics that added to my knowledge. We have discussed target behaviors in previous chapters, therefore I already was aware that we need to be specific if we want to achieve that goal. The only thing that was completely new to me was the idea of graphing your progress. I had never heard of this idea before and it seemed like it might actually help the process because it gives you a visual of how you're doing.
Section 4.1 talks about self-directed behavior. This behavior is different from what we’ve previously talked about because it elicits us to rely on ourselves to manage and reinforce our behavior. This chapter elicited me to really think about the behaviors I want to change, especially the deep rooted ones. As long as we emit certain behaviors and reinforce them in effective ways we can make a change in our behavior. Something I will remember as being important in self-directed behavior is the fact that target behaviors need to be really specific. If the target behavior is not specific you may find yourself reinforcing yourself for behaviors that aren’t necessarily going to help you reach your goals. If you are specific in what you want to change about yourself and how you want to do it, it is more likely that you’ll emit behaviors that match your goals. I will also remember that it is easier to modify a behavior if you find a way to reinforce your behaviors instead of emitting a punishment procedure.
Section 4.2 explains the step that must be followed in order to perform a self-directed behavioral change. I think the most difficult of these steps would be Step #3: Keep a Record. You have to emit very precise behaviors during this step. It is important that you record you behavior as soon as possible that way it doesn’t become distorted. Having a record is also a very important step because without a written record of your behavior it is harder to make your goals come true because you don’t know your tendencies or the antecedents and consequences, which influence your behavior. The easiest of these 7 steps to emit is Step #1: Set Goal. I think that everybody has many goals of things they want to change or do more of. The only think you have to watch out for is making sure your goal is manageable and can be reinforced in some way. There were a few things in this chapter that I already knew; this chapter just brought them all together. For instance, I already knew that it’s important to specify your goal as a set of target behaviors (what I mentioned in my response to 4.1). I also knew that in behavior modification it is most effective to find a way to use reinforcement instead of punishment.
4.1
After emitting a reading behavior over section 4.1, I learned about using behavior modification principles on myself by using other-directed behaviors and self-directed behaviors.I will emit in remembering that other-directed behaviors involves others controling the availability of reinforcers which can make us feel manipulated. I will also remember that self-directed behavior is behaviors we freely choose ourselves and can make our own goals on achieving certain behaviors to get what we need/want. When emitting a reading behavior on goal setting and new years resolutions, my resolution is always to quit biting my nails. I have always failed to meet this goal and no matter how many times I put tape on my fingers or paint my nails, I still bite them. The last thing I will emit in remembering is that most of the time resolutions and goals fail because punishment is being emitted while we should always to find reinfocing ways for the goal in order to meet our goals. An example is my goal for nail biting again: Instead of using punishment, I could be using reinforcement by rewarding myself with a manicure everytime my nails grow out to a certain length. There wasn't anything I really didn't like about this chapter besides having to write specific target behaviors.
4.2
After emitting a reading behavior of 4.2, I have learned the basic steps on how to change a behavior. The most difficult step I think would be hard to accomplish is the last step on implementing and adjusting the contingencies. I feel like this would be the hardest because once you've figured everything out, now you must actually continue with all the steps in order to acoomplish a goal. It's almost like a marketing plan. It's easy to do the steps and write it out on paper but once you get down to it and actually have to implement it, it's harder than it looks, especially if you're trying to change a specific behavior. The easiest of these steps would definitely have to be goal setting. It's easy to set a specific goal, but like I said, it's hard to accomplish it and it takes all the other steps in order to change a behavior. All of these steps seem reasonable and manageable when it comes to self-directing behaviors, and one thing I've learned from this chapter is when setting a goal, we should try to base it on an increasing behavior of something we want to do more instead of a decreasing behavior which can lead to punishment. One thing I didn't know until reading this section was graphing a baseline or spread sheet when modifying a behavior. I guess I never knew one did that, but now I know.
4.1
After emitting the behavior of reading section 4.1 the concept that will be remembered the most for me is the goal of an effective self-directed behavior program. The goal is reinforced by altering ones behavior regularly enough for it to eventually occur automatically and routinely in everyday life as a consequence. This concept emitted a connection to form between Psychology and Health Promotion. I am a Health Promotion minor and as a consequence of taking so many classes that focus on “making the healthy choice, the easy choice” this theory is definitely reinforced. Every day there are numerous choices that must be made every day by individuals. Some choices are reinforced based on your daily routine and commitments. Some choices have desirable consequences and some have aversive consequences. There are some behaviors that are desirable to emit, but once they have an aversive consequence, it may be difficult to alter the behavior if it has been part of your routine. For example, if an individual emits the behavior of smoking everyday for five years until one day when they are told they have a spot on their lung. This is an aversive consequence to smoking, however emitting the smoking behavior is still desirable, and therefore it will be difficult to modify that behavior.
4.2
1.) After emitting the behavior of reading section 4.2 I found the second step of modifying behavior to be the most difficult. Goal #2 is to define/specify the goal as a set of target behaviors. In my opinion, this step would elicit the most difficulty due to how specific the individual needs to make the goal. The three steps that are reinforced while creating a goal are that they must be; precise, manageable, measurable, and fit within the practical scope of our daily lives. Not having a well thought out goal is likely to lead to an aversive consequence and negative feelings towards ones’ self. All of the steps mentioned are crucial in order to emit the modification to the behavior. I found this to be the most difficult because it is easy to emit high hopes for yourself and be unrealistic about the amount of willpower you actually have. When a goal is reinforced too high for ones’ self it will only lead to discouragement. 2.) The behavior that would be easiest for me to emit would be keeping a record. I emit the behavior of writing every day. Whether it is for homework, grading papers, e-mails, texts, and simply journaling about my life, I emit this behavior frequently. However, if it had to be more thought out and related to a behavior that I was trying to modify, I may not find it quite as desirable. The key concept that I grasped from keeping a record is to keep it manageable and easy. 3.) After reading this chapter I found the material to elicit a lot of clarity with goal setting. Goal setting is something that has been reinforced all throughout school. It starts at a young age and gradually the behaviors and consequences become more important as we age. The chapter elicited a good point by indicating if a goal is not being achieved, it needs to be modified and better thought out. It also elicited motivation to not give up simply because the consequence was less than desirable. Modify and try again.
4.1--After emitting a reading behavior of this section, I believe there are many things that I will emit a remembering behavior. The first concept that I will remember from my reading behavior will be the New Year’s resolution activity. First off, I am not surprised about the top ten New Year’s resolutions that were listed on Google. Another thing that I will take from this section of reading would be that some of the things we want to change can be either reinforcement or punishment. Then with that, you need to make sure that you use a specific target behavior while attempting to change your behaviors. If you just tell yourself you’re going to lose weight, you probably won’t; If you tell yourself ‘I’ll run every week,” you probably won’t. You need to make sure that it is a specific target behavior so you can actually follow through with it. For example, you can say ‘I will run on the treadmill 2 miles every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 10:00am, and do 100 pushups on Tuesday and Thursdays at 5:00 pm.’ If you have a specific target behavior then you can make sure you are doing what you really have to do, and make sure you are doing it right, or else there is a chance that you will be reinforcing yourself for something that actually should not be reinforced. Another thing I will remember from emitting a reading behavior will be the differential reinforcement of others (DRO).
4.2--After emitting a reading behavior of this section, thought that many to the steps were interesting, and I think if you actually emit a following behavior of these steps then it can actually work out, and you can achieve the behavior you are trying to emit, as well as receive reinforcement.
The step that I think would be the most difficult to achieve would be keeping a record. I don’t think that is behavior would be necessarily HARD, but it would be the most annoying and difficult to keep up with. I feel like I would forget to write down when I emitting my behavior (such as reading). In the packet I wrote down that I would record the information in my “notes” tab in my phone, so I could emit the behavior wherever I go, but I think I may forget to keep track, and sometimes I do not always have my phone with me (yet it is rare!), so I may forget to record it after I emit the behavior. Hopefully considering you would emit the behavior the same time every day, you would be able to remember to keep track of it, yet with me you never really know!
The step that I think would be the easiest emitting would be determining an antecedent. I think this would be easy for me because I am someone that leaves myself notes a lot, and also if I put things next to certain things, like my bed, it will help me remember to do something. For example, if I laid my Abnormal psych book on my pillow, I will have to pick it up to move it before getting into bed, this will be a reminder that I need to read a chapter before going to bed. Also, if I wanted to read the newspaper or Northern Iowan in the morning, I would leave it on the kitchen counter, so when I go to make breakfast I will see it and (hopefully) remember that I need to emit a reading behavior.
I think that this section of the book elicited a lot of good concepts and points that can help us in our everyday life and goal setting. It elicited me to learn that if a goal you have set is not working out, maybe you need to think through it some more and possible redefine your target behavior as well as go through the seven steps again, and figure out what you can do to emit the behavior you are trying to achieve. Another thing that I learned from this section is the graphing step. I never thought that graphing would help, yet I do believe it does. I am a visual person and a visual learner, so I think it would definitely help me elicit the behavior I am trying to increase.
What I will remember most from chapter 4.1
I will remember that when thinking about using self-directed behavior modification, we need to be as specific as humanly possible when describing the target behavior we want to manipulate. The development of vague and generalized goals is probably the likely reason that so many people have a hard time keeping new years resolutions. The next time I want to try to self-direct my behaviors I will remind myself that I need to make it specific if I want to be successful.
On the contrary, some target behaviors we want to manipulate might be more successfully manipulated if we have someone else manage and administer the consequences. For example, if we do not trust that we have enough self-control when it comes to managing our weight loss by administering punishments for behaviors we want to decrease and to reinforce behaviors we want to increase in regards to weight loss. It may be more helpful and more likely to be successful if we have someone else measure our proportions and cook our food. If we cook it ourselves we might want to add more butter or if we portion it ourselves we might give ourselves more than we should have. In the future (most likely the near future) if I want to lose weight I might try and eat things from the union because things are already portioned out, although I would inherently be spending too much money.
4.2
For me, the hardest of these 7 steps would be keeping a record of my behavior and paying attention to the contexts and situations that the behavior occurs in. I am particularly bad at keeping up with things like this. I am a forgetful person and I have a hard time staying in a routine, so I would need a discriminative stimulus (alarm) to remind me of what I need to do. Remembering and keeping a log of what happened before I emitted the target behavior and what happened as a consequence of emitting the target behavior.
Graphing a baseline of my behavior seems like it would be the easiest step to complete. I love making graphs, plotting points, and labeling things. However, if I have a hard time keeping a behavior diary I would have a hard time making a graph. If I do manage to stay on task and keep a detailed behavior diary, I should be able to graph the results easily.
First of all I didn’t know there was a list of 7 steps to help with self-directed behavior. So, I became familiar with the 7 steps. Honestly, besides the above, everything mentioned was kind of a review for me. I still found this chapter interesting though, because most of it was going through and describing the 7 steps to self-direct behavior.
Section 4.1
After reading this section, I will emit a behavior of remembering the importance of being specific when stating desired target behaviors. We have discussed this concept in previous sections, but emitting a behavior of performing the exercises that require me to apply the learned concepts continues to help me understand the concept of being specific. This is important to remember especially when interacting with other people, because if we want to modify others’ behavior, we must be specific in telling them what behavior we want them to emit so we can emit a behavior of reinforcing them. If we don’t emit a behavior of being specific from the beginning, we will have to apply successive approximation, or just get frustrated that they are not emitting the target behavior we want, despite the fact that it’s our own fault for not being more specific.
Section 4.2
I think the most difficult step of the seven would be to emit a behavior of keeping a record of the desired behavior (step #3). People get very busy during the day, and if you are trying to emit a behavior throughout the day, it can be hard to remember to record whatever behavior you are trying to increase the frequency of while you are busy emitting other behaviors such as: studying for a test, going to job interviews, working, raising a family, and so on. Life gets busy and it is easy to say you’ll go home and record how many ounces of water you drank while at your meeting, but it’s also easy to start thinking about other responsibilities when you get home, and forget to emit a behavior of recording the number of ounces of water you consumed.
I think the easiest step is to emit a behavior of setting the goal (step #1). I think this is easiest because it only requires that you plan to emit a certain behavior, it does not include the actual performance of the behavior, the recording of the performance of the target behavior, or the adjusting of reinforcers and contingencies if the previous reinforcer was not effective in increasing the frequency of the planned behavior. This step only requires the individual to emit a behavior of thinking of a behavior they wish to emit with greater frequency, and most people know it is easier to think about doing something than to actually emit a behavior of doing it.
After reading this section about the steps involved in self-directed behavioral change, I now better understand the practice of emitting a behavior of increasing the frequency of a desired behavior. Due to the exercises that elicited a writing response, I now know how to plan a self-directed behavioral plan. I will be able to emit a behavior of utilizing these steps in future endeavors of personal behavioral improvement plans. I will also be able to help others plan out a behavioral change, which is more likely to have desirable results because they will be able to utilize these effective steps. I learned that an important aspect of making a self-directed behavioral change is emitting a behavior of graphing a baseline to compare on-going progress to. I knew that recording behaviors as they occur was important, but seeing a visual representation of the progress is a different way of viewing one’s progress, and probably more beneficial or effective because the results are easy to comprehend quickly.
Section 4.1
After emitting a behavior of reading this section I think I will remember most that using a self directing behavior is very difficult and the key to it is to be specific. In the section it rapidity states how it is important to be specific with the target behavior when you elicit a specific behavior. I related this to my own life when I emitted a behavior of working out and not having a specific target behavior or set time or goal that it soon fell apart and I quit all together or just worked out sporadically.
Section 4.2
After emitting a behavior of reading section 4.2 I came to the conclusion that keeping a behavior journal would be the most difficult for me in the fact that it is a challenge to keep a schedule written down and I believe it would transfer as aversive. I believe emitting a behavior of setting a specific goal would be the easiest part of the 7 step process and using an antecedent to remind myself of my main goal would be the most beneficial for me. In the example of learning to play guitar I emitted a behavior of making a specific goal of watching my practice video once a day by putting my guitar in front of the TV so when I get home from class I will be forced to move the guitar (picking it up and play it then) instead of just playing Xbox or watching TV. I emitted a behavior of learning new terms to my behavior modification knowledge that include writing out a graph and keeping a journal to follow through with a specific goal which I will use to overcome past goals that failed.
4.1
After emitting the behavior of reading this section, what I will remember most is how to self-direct behavior effectively. One way to do this is by using differential reinforcement, which is reinforcing yourself for a behavior that is incompatible to the behavior that you are behavior you wish to stop. Another way to help self-direct behavior is to be specific, that way you will be able to identify the behavior and know if is to be reinfored or punished.
4.2
After emitting the behavior of reading this section, it elicitated me to learn the steps of self-directed behavioral change. While learning these steps I felt like the third step of keeping a record would be the hardest step for me to follow. I am a huge procrastinator and forget things a lot,especially because things can get so busy during the day it is easy to put off or forget.
I think that step one, setting a goal, is the easiest of the 7 steps. There are a lot of behaviors that I would like to emit, which makes setting goals easy, it is just the following through part that is difficult.
Adding to what I already knew about behavior modification would be the steps for self-directed behavior change. I knew many of these steps such as setting a goal, having it be specific and all, but I never realized how important it was to keep a record and how to use the record and other stepts to be successful in changing a behavior.
4.1-
I emitted the behavior of reading section 4.1. While reading this section on self-directed behavior I have decided that I will remember the concept of making a target behavior specific. If the behavior being reinforced is too broad, then it may be hard to accomplish the target behavior. For example, in order to elicit a behavior of exercising, it is important to be specific such as how many times a week, where at, and for how long. Setting specific goals for yourself will help accomplish what you want. Also, I will remember that it is more affective to quite at a gradual reduction when trying to reinforce a particular behavior. It is much harder to do something "cold turkey".
4.2
While emitting the behavior of reading chapter 4.2 and reading about the 7 steps of self-directed behavior change, I have decide that step 7 would be the most difficult step in this process. I feel this way because when trying to reinforce a behavior, it is easy for one to say that they want to do it. It is easy to get serious about something when caught up in the moment, but when the person elicits a behavior of relaxation and routine, they tend to draw away from the task at hand. Step number 7 is implement and adjust the contingencies. Once the graph is made, and you understand your target behavior, it is hard to define the flaws. Once these flaws are found, I feel that it may be too late and people will give up.
Out of the self-directed behavioral steps I feel that the easiest step is step number 1. Anyone can set a goal for themselves. This goal includes a broad range of activities like exercising. The target behavior still is not specific, but it is easy to come up with a category for the particular target behavior. For example, I said that I wanted to stop cursing. I quickly learned that this was broad, and that it would be impossible for me to stop cursing, therefore, I will specify the goal and possibly make my target behavior cursing only once a day. Although step number one may be the most difficult in my opinion, it may slightly tie in with step number two, which is defining or specifying the goal as a set of target behaviors. Many people have busy lives and it is hard to find time to modify a certain behavior.
After reading the chapters I already knew from previous classes that in order to reach a target behavior one must first make it specific otherwise no one would understand it, or which context it belongs to. What was new for me was the self-directed behavior steps. I thought those were very interesting and legit in terms that I will follow them if I ever decide to modify a behavior that I am emitting.
After emitting a reading behavior of section 4.1, it elicited a remembering response from me. This remembering response is that self-directed behavior is important and must be as specific as we can possibly make it. I’ll remember this because it is something that I struggle with (self-directed behavior) in one big area of my life and that is becoming more healthy. I am trying to emit more exercising behaviors but am finding it very aversive and hard to do. Now I know that I’m not making the neither target behavior (exercising more) specific enough, nor am I using any kind of reinforcement that may increase the number of times I exercise (but that was more in the next section). For this section, I will emit a remembering response that I must be more specific with my exercising behaviors.
I think that the hardest step in self-directed change is keeping a record. I believe it is the hardest because I personally have a tendency to not keep records of my behaviors, even though I know it is helpful. Continuing with my exercise example, I find it aversive to record that I didn’t exercise and so I don’t record and then it’s easier to make excuses. I think that setting a goal is the easiest because I know what I need to change. The hard part isn’t setting the goal; it’s keeping the goal. Perhaps with the correct reinforcement I can do better in this area.
After emitting the reading behavior on both of these sections I learned that keeping a record and graphing it is incredibly helpful when it comes to self-directed change. While I did know that some people suggested keeping food diaries when trying to lose weight, I didn’t realize that record keeping was so important to successfully changing one’s own behavior. Keeping records (as I mentioned before) is aversive to me, but if it helps elicit more exercising behavior, which will make me healthier, than I think I’m ready to emit a record keeping behavior. The graphing may actually be a positive reinforcement if I’m good with the record keeping.
4.1
After emitting a reading behavior for section 4.1, I will mostly remember the fact that self-directed behavior will not be as successful if one is not specific. Specificity is very important in creating a target behavior because one can truly know if they are succeeding or not. The example used in the section will elicit a remembering behavior for me. It talked about the number one New Year’s resolution: spending more time with family and friends. This is obviously very vague and could mean a variety of things. One could be spending an extra five minutes with family and friends every day and still be technically complying with the resolution. This obviously is not very significant, so this person would need to be more specific when determining a goal or resolution. Because it is self-directed, the person needs to give themselves specific goals (target behaviors) to be successful. This would include amounts of times and activities to strive for. If they are not specific, the person could still complete the vague goal, but the result would not be significant. The concept I will remember the most is be as specific as possible when forming a target behavior.
4.2
After reading section 4.2, I will elicit a remembering behavior for the seven steps of behavioral change. I enjoyed how it was separated into distinct steps because it will assist in the long-term memory of the material. The most difficult of these steps to accomplish, in my opinion, would be step #3. This step involves keeping a record of your behavior and your progress. I think this would be very hard to maintain over the long term. Depending on the behavior, one might not be able to record their results immediately. If this is the case, it is very likely they will emit a forgetting behavior about their statistics. This could hinder the accuracy of the record. Without an accurate record, there would be no evidence of progress is being made.
The easiest of the seven steps would definitely be setting a goal. Everyone has something they would like to change about themselves and it usually consists of just a broad goal. This would only take seconds to accomplish. The person would just need to emit a thinking behavior about what they would like to improve about themselves. Unless the person is not self-conscious about anything, they probably will already know without much thought.
This section added to my previous knowledge by spelling everything out for me. It went step-by-step through concepts I had either previously learned, or assumed were necessary. It also was a nice review about antecedents and how they elicit behaviors.
Section 4.1: After emitting the behavior of reading this section, the main thing I will remember is the self-directed behavior concept. This means “when we exert our free will to choose a behavior that we want to increase or decrease”. The picture of how there are 63 million webpages for “New Year’s Resolutions” elicited a pleasurable response. It shows how popular this is, and how behavior modification can help with this. I will remember the top 10 resolutions. There were some on the list that I have tried to do. For example, get fit. I usually have an aversive response at keeping up the habit, which elicits not emitting the behavior. This could be because I need more target behaviors.
Section 4.2: After emitting the behavior of reading the section, I learned a lot about self-directed behavior steps. I think of the seven steps, the most difficult would be keeping a record. This is difficult because it becomes a routine and can elicit an aversive response, making sure you emit the behavior of writing it down. The easiest would be changing the environment to help elicit this behavior. For example, If I wanted to emit the behavior of running every day, I could put my running shoes near the door. These are called antecedents. They can help direct our behaviors. This could make it much easier to emit my target behavior.
After reading this chapter, it elicited a response to learn more about behavior modification. I learned about what it takes to keep a behavior. This can help in the future It is a great way to reinforce behaviors that cause pleasurable responses.
4.1
After emitting the behavior of reading section 4.1, the thing I will remember the most is self-directed behavior. I enjoyed the New Year’s Resolution examples. This helped me realize that if I really want to get a behavior goal accomplished I must set limits for myself. Everyone needs to have specific target behaviors so they can have a definite schedule on how they are going to reach their goal. This helped me be more specific in my goals for school this year. Instead of just getting better grades, I want to have a 3.7 GPA and so now after emitting the behavior of reading this section I have made a specific target goal for myself.
4.2
Emitting the behavior of reading this section taught me a lot of new things about behavior steps and how I would like to go about them in my own life.
The one step out of the 7 different ones that I think would be the most difficult to follow is keeping a record. It is not like it would cause me to think a lot or really be that hard but it would be time consuming and I know I wouldn’t be good at documenting my progress. I would leave it to be the last thing I would do in the day and then I know I would eventually just brush it off because I thought it took too much time to do. Which is really pathetic I know! But I like all my different behaviors to be easy and not time consuming.
The step that I think would be easiest would be setting a goal. I can always think of different goals in my life that I want to achieve. Although I never do anything about them, but maybe after learning these 7 steps I can make an effort to finally reach some of those goals. I also always feel that as I get older my goals might grow in amount or they might become a more important goal. It is easy to set a goal in my mind but it’s the action behavior that follows that usually trips me up and makes me stop.
The 7 steps really added to what I already knew about behavior modifications. Having specific steps really made me realize that changing my behavior is really just as easy as 1, 2, 3…or should I say 1,2,3,4,5,6,7! As a consequence of reading this section it also just instilled in my mind even more that behavior modification is always possible, a person just has to put a little effort in to see the outcome.
Section 4.1 and its introduction to self-directed behavior was very interesting to me. I think that it was this way because it is something that you can apply to yourself. I think this is more practical because it is, in theory, easier to apply behavioral modification techniques to yourself rather than to other people. In order to apply these techniques it requires prolonged exposure with the individual. Now, this can occur with individuals whom you have daily exposure to but not with individuals who really bother you on a one chance encounter with. This would actually be a practical application for behaviors that bother myself or others by behavioral modification methods. The aspect that was really interesting to me was the how self-directed behavior must be monitored or directed. For myself I have found that I could probably never be trusted with self-monitored self-directed behavior. I am not that self-controlled most of the time, I would need for others to administer reinforcement or punishment for me. I recently experienced this the other day with a bag of chips. I told myself that I couldn’t buy a thing of chips until I had completed all my homework and that only lasted for about 2 minutes when I went bought the chips and then re-started my homework. That was the big thing that I realized from 4.1.
After reading 4.2 and going through the steps I now feel that self-directed behavior modification methods can actually work. The steps are as follows: set goals, define goals as a set of specific target behaviors, keep a record, graph a baseline, determine the contingencies, determine the antecedents and lastly, implement and adjust the contingencies. The step in all of this that I think would be the most difficult to follow through with would be the first and second step. I think that this is because getting started is always the hardest. Once you set up the plan of attack it all becomes a whole lot easier. Not only do you have to set these but they have to be precise, manageable, measurable, and practical in your life. Once this is defined, as long as your punishment and reinforcement schedules are consistent and reliable it should all work out in the end but initially getting going will be the most difficult. The easiest step that would be able to follow through with would be graphing the results. I mean, that’s just completely simple and easy to do unless you forget which wouldn’t be the end of the world. Those are the two of the many steps of effective self-directed behavior and they all have their ups and downs and their difficulties but in the end, if strictly followed, will lead to success.
Section 4.1
After emitting a reading behavior, I will remember that defining a specific target behavior is essential to the success of behavior modification particularly self-directed behavior modification. I will emit a remembering behavior because we have discussed the importance of a very specific behavior before section 4.1. Also, this also helped me to better understand why behavior change seems so difficult at times. I always wondered why people who seem so excited and motivated to change lose those initially positive feelings and give up. Not having a specific target behavior explains why the people lose motivation. If the behavior in question is vaguely defined then it is hard to tell whether the behavior is happening so that one can reinforce the behavior. If the behavior is not being reinforced then the individual is not likely to continue emitting the behavior. For example, an individual wishes to lose 5 pounds every week and will reinforce the behavior with a movie night with friends each week that the behavior occurs. The individual is likely to be motivated to lose those 5 pounds so that the reinforcer will be presented. On the other hand, if the goal is just to lose weight and the behavior will be reinforced with a movie night, the individual might lose one pound but the individual doesn’t know if that is enough to be reinforced.
Section 4.2
I think that emitting the behavior of keeping a record would be the most difficult step in self-directed behavioral change. I think this would be the hardest one because people are busy and might forget to write down when the behavior occurred along with the antecedent and consequence. Also, people might forget their recording materials or not have access to them. It is not always convenient to write down the behavior right when it occurs as well.
I think that emitting the behavior of setting a goal is the easiest step. This step does not require a lot of work. Most people know the behaviors they emit that they like and the behaviors that they do not like. I know personally I notice something I do or don’t do every day that I would like to change. It’s also very easy to set a goal and then forget about it or give up.
After emitting a reading behavior, this chapter added a lot of information to what I already knew. First of all, I did not know that there were seven steps in self-directed behavior change. I think the most novel step was graphing a baseline. I never considered that an important step in behavior change, but I now know that it is important in understanding whether the procedure is effective. This step allows the individual to understand if changes need to be made to the procedure in order to be effective. Adjusting the contingencies is also an important part of self-directed behavior change. I think it’s important to remember that just because an individual think something will be effective does not mean it will be and that just because something is effective once does not mean it will continue to be effective.
4.1
I emitted the behavior of reading chapter 4.1 for this week’s assignment. I think this chapter has elicited a learning response after I read about target behavior. This chapter reinforced the fact that being specific about a behavior that is needing to be changed is important. It is difficult to change our behaviors even if it has to be done, however, it can be harder for us to change our behaviors when our target behavior isn’t very clear. This chapter stressed the importance of not using broad behaviors as target behaviors because they are less likely to be changed. If you don’t specify your behavior then you will have no idea of knowing if that behavior has occurred, whether you need to reinforce or punish the behavior, and when you are supposed to punish or reinforce it. It can also allow you to know what other behaviors you can do in replace of the current one you are trying to change. Having a specific target behavior is the first step in changing behaviors, and that is why it is so important to learn.
4.2
The next chapter showed a list of steps you must emit in order to elicit a change in behavior. These steps prove to be important when wanting to change behavior. I think the step that would be the easiest to emit would be step number 1. Step number one is setting a goal. I think it would be easy to set a goal if you kind of have in mind what you want to change, or you might just stumble upon something you would like to change. Regardless, it seems easy to me. The step I personally would find the hardest to emit would be step number 4. Step number four is graphing a baseline. I would find this step particularly challenging because making graphs elicits an aversive response. I do not enjoy gathering data and making graphs and charts out of it. Although, I think that emitting the behavior of recording the data to graph would be difficult as well considering I’m not very good at remembering to write things down. I guess I have always known that there are ways you can set goals in order to change behavior, I just wasn’t aware of the steps and how to do so. The seven steps have helped me with behavior modification in a way that it has made it clearer for me to pave the way to change a certain behavior. The steps have also included several terms we have discussed in class. It has discussed how important target behaviors are in determining behavior change. It has talked about deciding whether or not the behavior needs to be reinforced or punished. It also talks about how important the ABC’s are to changing and analyzing certain behaviors. Not knowing the steps to changing a behavior can be equally as difficult as changing the behavior itself, thus knowing these steps helps me further understand behavior modification.
After emitting a reading behavior for section 4.1. I will remember that if I want to change my behavior I should not make a broad statement about what I want to change, but rather I should specifically define what I want to change, and how to go about doing that. The examples in this section were about New Year's resolution. New Year's has never elicited me to make a resolution, rather I tend to emit a changing behavior numerous times throughout the year, usually just out of the blue without really thinking about it beforehand. Every few months it seems like I make a broad statement that I will exercise more, but like the section points out, what exactly does exercise more mean? Instead I should probably make a more specific statement regarding the target behavior I plan the emit, like emitting a running four days a week for a half hour.
After emitting a reading behavior for section 4.2, the directions elicited me to discuss which steps would be the most difficult to follow. I think step 4, graphing a baseline, would be hard to follow because it seems like a lot of extra work. If I start to become unmotivated to, for example, emit an exercising behavior then I just think I would be equally as unmotivated to take the extra time to emit a graphing behavior. I also think step 5, determining contingencies, would be hard because you're in charge of reinforcing and punishing yourself, which would take a lot of determination and self control. Out of all of the seven steps I think the first two would be easiest to follow. I think emitting a goal setting behavior would start to change my mindset and possibly elicit a motivated behavior from me. Specifically defining the goals for me to achieve my target behavior make me mentally prepared to start doing what I determined I would do to change my behavior. The step that is new to me is step 4, graphing my behaviors. I know I think it would be the most difficult step to follow just because it requires extra time, but I also think it could be very helpful to the behavior modification process since you can actually see the progress, or lack of progress you've made.
4.1) After emit a reading behavior section 4.1 I will remember better that to emit a change behavior in my life, I need to be coherent and specify the behavior that I want to emit in the future, in order to have a better result.
Every time I do a “New year`s Resolution” most of the times I am vague in my description about what I want, so normally I don`t have any result, or my initial effort go away soon. Now I know how to change my behavior, and organize me to be successful in what I want to change.
4.2) For me the most difficult would be keep a record of my performance (step 3), because I am not to used have a planner or a diary and emitting a writing behavior every time I do some behavior I think it s hard. Probably I would skip a lot of times this part… What would be a problem because without this part I can`t see if I am improving or not, and affect the other steps too.
The easiest one for me would be define/specify the goal as a set of Target behaviors because now I know exactly what to do to be organized and get to my goal. After emitting my reading behavior of this chapter, this reading encouraged me to start a Self-directed behavior. I hope I can do it for a long time, and adjust what I want with my schedule.
After read the chapter I think now I have all the concept of Behavior Modification organized in my mind. With all the steps it seems that gradually I have a better understanding about the all process that involves a real behavior modification.
4.1
What I will remember most from this section is that it is necessary to establish a very specific target behavior when attempting to alter the behavior. When attempting to get fit, I realize that I was usually unsuccessful because I did not specify what behavior I was wishing to change. I did not establish exactly what target behavior I was altering and would emit the behavior by going to the WRC one day and the next day count walking to class equally and reinforce that behavior as well. I will also remember that always using a reinforcement procedure is much more effective than using a punishment procedure. So when trying to alter a behavior in which I’m trying to quit, such as smoking, rather than punishing a slip-up, I should reinforce resisting to buy a pack when I stop at a gas station with a cookie.
4.2
Of the seven steps in self-directed behavioral change, I think that emitting the behavior of graphing progress would be the most difficult to follow. I think that this is because I will know the progress I have been making (in weight loss) each time I weigh myself, and that graphing it not only seems like a waste of time, but seems odd. I do understand how this may be useful when changing other behaviors that are difficult to track, like the writing example used in the text, because that is something that is much more difficult to remember and seeing the results in front of you may make it simpler to reinforce the behavior at the correct time and realize when you are slacking and how to alter it.
I think that establishing reinforcers and how and when they will be administered will be the simplest step. This to me makes the self-directed behavioral change more real and makes me even more excited knowing that when I emit the correct target behavior, or am successful in the behavioral change process, I will be pleasurably reinforced. This chapter all-in-all adds to what I knew about behavior modification, it just lays it out in steps that are easy to follow and that have been proven successful. This chapter was also very optimistic as well, realizing that a small slip-up is likely and that it takes practice to alter the antecedent that will help to elicit the desired behavior.
**4.1 After emitting a reading behavior of this section of chapter 4, I believe that I will remember the target behaviors of self-directed behaviors. I thought it was very interesting that everyone does make yearly resolutions but they are very broad, and no one really makes specific behavior goals for their New Year Resolutions. I liked making specific behaviors for the listed goals in the section because I personally have had those goals as my resolutions. I found that making a specific target behavior instead of a broad goal, it would be certainly easier to find the time and management to complete the desired self-directed behavior.
The section really made a realistic view of resolutions that are made every year by everyone. I really could relate to the questions that were asked such as will these goals have a reinforcement in my life. Self-directed behaviors are important because everyone should have certain goals for themselves, and take part in bettering themselves even if they believe they are “perfect.” I strongly believe that this section has changed my perception on setting target behaviors to increase my chances of succeeding my goals.
**4.2 Prior to reading this section of the chapter I never have heard of the steps for self-directed behavioral change. After emitting the behavior of reading this section, I really felt that if everyone did the step by step process, behavioral change could be successful. One of the most difficult steps of the 7 would be the third step of keeping record of the data. I thought this was the most difficult, because I know that I always forget or put these off till the very last moment. Someone that was really striving for a change would have to be very self-motivated to keep a record on hand at all times. I personally feel like it would be hard for me to remember when to emit the desired behavior or I would just be lazy and not want to do it. I feel like the third step would be the most difficult for me personally to a self-direct behavioral change.
The step that I found would be the easiest for me to follow and continue to emit a behavior of would be the second step of designing a specific goal target behavior. I think that this step would be the easiest one because everyone can set a specific goal and make it manageable for them personally. Also, many people may follow the target behavior better than the broad category of just setting a goal. All of the steps work together in creating a successful self-directed behavioral change, however one has to remember that the steps work together and by skipping or removing a step could potentially eliminate a desired behavioral change.
After reading the sections, I emitting a behavior of learning many new exciting information that I can partake in my everyday life. I have added to my knowledge of behavior modification terms and concepts in this chapter of self-direct goals, which are very important to me. I have always made goals for myself, but after reading these sections I realize that I need to further my behavioral change. I learned that behavior modification does not just happen overnight, it takes many steps,personal motivation, and most importantly time management skills.
The reading assignment elicited me to emit the behavior of reading section 4.1. I will emit the behavior of reciting some of the pleasurable things I learned from reading. Behaviors can be directed by other or by ourselves. When others direct our behaviors, it can cause us to feel we are being manipulated. Self-directed behavior was the main topic of this section. Self-directed behavior means to using behavior modification techniques on oneself. We rely on ourselves to manage the behavior and in most cases administer the consequences. Self-directed behavior has a goal to acquire people better, more adaptive patterns of behavior, that will eventually occur automatically and routinely as a part of daily life. Self-directed behavior happens when we exert our free will to choose a behavior that we want to increase or decrease. It makes us free to make our own goals and structure our own behavioral interventions and contingencies. We use self-directed behavior to reach the goals that we continue to set for ourselves. Self-directed behavior also has its consequences. Sometimes, we have problems keeping resolutions because their resolutions tend to be broad representing a behavioral class rather than a specific target behavior.
The reading assignment also elicited me to emit the behavior of reading section 4.2. In this section, they discuss the seven steps for self-directed behavioral change. Some of these steps don’t seem as easy as they sound. I think the hardest and most aversive task to follow would be the seventh step, implement and adjust the contingencies. This happens after you set your target behavior, keep a diary, graph a baseline, and chose your contingencies. I think this is going to be the hardest one to follow because once you have laid out what you are going to do, you actually have to emit the behavior you have planned out. Since these things don’t always work out the first time, it is likely that you are going to have to revise your goals and continue to keep your diary. This can be challenging and hard to do when you have already wrote down your whole plan. The less specific your target behavior is, the harder it is to keep a diary of your behaviors. This might make you redo your baseline as well. Even though it will take time to adjust your goals to behavior you are intending to do, it is better to stick through it so it you can continue to follow your behavior plan.
After reading this chapter, I have learned more about how to set target behaviors and continue to follow them by following the seven steps. I didn’t know these steps before therefore I learned how to put all of these steps together to commit the target behavior and finally reach your set goals. I learned that when setting a goal, you have to try to base it on increasing a desirable behavior rather than decreasing an undesirable behavior to avoid punishment. I also learned that you need to organize your diary in terms of the ABC’s of behavior noting what occurred prior to the behavior and after the behavior.
The reading assignment elicited me to read the chapter 4.1 and the blog elicited me to answer the questions that I am currently emitting the behavior or answering. In section 4.1 I think i will emit the behavior of remembering how one needs to be specific in defining target behaviors in order for the self-directed behavior modification to work. Like the example given about the new year's resolutions. I had never emitted the behavior of thinking about resolution in the way that the chapter point out about the goals being to broad and vague. I will remember this because it made me emit the behavior of thinking about my own failed goals and i realized that I did the same stuff and my own goals were too vague.
I also emitted the behavior of reading and filling out section 4.2. I think the most difficult step in the seven step process to follow is going to be keeping a record. I am very bad at remembering to do things even when elicited. I usually put it off when I remember and then I forget again. The chapter added to my knowledge of behavior modification with the addition of the steps. I didn't know there were such steps to behavior modification.
please ignore the above comment
Megan
The reading assignment elicited me to read the chapter 4.1 and the blog elicited me to answer the questions that I am currently emitting the behavior or answering. In section 4.1 I think i will emit the behavior of remembering how one needs to be specific in defining target behaviors in order for the self-directed behavior modification to work. Like the example given about the new year's resolutions. I had never emitted the behavior of thinking about resolution in the way that the chapter point out about the goals being to broad and vague. I will remember this because it made me emit the behavior of thinking about my own failed goals and i realized that I did the same stuff and my own goals were too vague.
I also emitted the behavior of reading and filling out section 4.2. I think the most difficult step in the seven step process to follow is going to be keeping a record. I am very bad at remembering to do things even when elicited. I usually put it off when I remember and then I forget again. The chapter added to my knowledge of behavior modification with the addition of the steps. I didn't know there were such steps to behavior modification.I think the easiest for me to emit the behavior of following will be define the specific target goals. Thanks to this class eliciting me to emit a behavior of defining the behaviors I believe that I have a good handle on it and will be able to emit a good behavior or writing specific target behaviors.
Chapter 4.1 elicited a remembering behavior in me. Out of this chapter, I will remember the use of specific goals. When setting self directed goals it is important to make sure they are reachable goals and could be checked off a list. This will help you reach your goals because you are actively working toward a specific goal rather than working toward a broad goal. Reinforcement is also a better way to work toward these goals compared to punishment. I will remember that when changing your own goals you should find alternative behaviors that you can reinforce compared to punishing the main goal in which you wish to diminish.
Chapter 4.2
Of the seven steps for self directed behavioral change, I believe that implementing and adjusting your own contingencies will be the most difficult to follow. I believe this because you have to remember to consistently deliver the reinforcement or punishment. This will be the most difficult because it is quite easy to get off track and not bother to punish yourself for it or to make sure your reinforcer is being used in the correct places.
I believe the easiest of the steps will be to define target behaviors. This will be the easiest because you are the one who wants this goal so you will be able to specifically make out your target goals to suit yourself. Setting the target goals up will require you to use a specific quantity of some sort which will be easy to make up and to change if need be.
This chapter brought to my attention, the use of organization and planning in behavioral modification. I was not aware that it would take this much work to modify behavior. This work includes; writing journals, making charts, continued awareness of surroundings, etc. I also learned that no matter how long it takes, behaviors can be modified through these steps. Although they are complex and time consuming, they can change a huge part of your life, such as smoking, and be very beneficial.
4.1) After emitting a reading behavior, I came to understand the concept of self-directed behavior better. This elicited a remembering response of one key aspect. I realized that the reason many goals and resolutions fail is because target behaviors are not specific enough. Specific target behaviors are vital because without them, most behaviors do not change or get modified. Also, punishment for behaviors usually leads to people quitting or giving up. It is important to redefine these behaviors so that they will be reinforced rather than punished. This idea is known as differential reinforcement of others. I believe I will remember these concepts because in order to modify personal behaviors in myself, it is important to remember to have specific target behaviors and also come up with alternative behaviors if the behavior I want to change needs to be decreased.
4.2) I believe emitting the behavior of implementing and adjusting contingencies would be the most difficult step in self-directed behavior. I believe this because once people get started and they see results they will be happy. However, when they are challenged and faced with having to adjust they might just say “screw it” and decide that they have already achieved enough. I believing emitting the behavior of setting a goal would be the easiest. I think this because eliciting this behavior can be exciting and encouraging. Most time when I set a new goal for myself I am happy with myself and confident. However, after a while this wares off . Some information that I can add to what I know about behavior modification is that when people are using self-directed behavior, they need to emit the behavior of graphing a baseline. This is important because then they know where they started and therefore see more clearly how they are improving the target behavior.
4.1
After emitting a reading behavior of section 4.1, I believe that the topic I remember most is that target behaviors need to be very specific for our resolutions. This is because in order to punish or reinforce something, you need to know what the behaviors are. And if the target behavior isn’t specific enough, it will be difficult to decipher between behaviors. You will also need to know if this behavior should be reinforced or punished, and how you will go about stopping this behavior and to what extent. For example, if the behavior you want to stop is eating cake, the target behavior needs to be specific so one would know if you want to stop eating cake altogether, eat only one piece a day, one piece a week, etc,. If the target behavior was not very specific, you wouldn’t know what actions to stop or slow down. It’s also important to find a target behavior that can be reinforced, because reinforcement has a greater outcome than punishment normally. I’ll remember all of these things because they made sense and we had talked about them before in class. I like the idea of using reinforcements rather than punishments to carry this out as well.
4.2
After emitting a reading behavior of this section I believe that the step that’d be the hardest would probably be keeping the records. With how busy my life is and how fast the world moves today, it’s hard to just take some time to write something down and take note of it. And also, if I write something down, I usually end up misplacing it or writing the same things down in three different spots. Though keeping track of some things is a behavior that I’d like to emit in the future, it is difficult to do so for me. The easiest step for me would probably be setting the goal in the first place. It’s so easy to set a goal for a new year’s resolution or for any other reason. The difficult part, however, would be actually following through with this goal. It’s not easy to change a behavior. I think a lot of this added to what I already knew about behavior modification. I learned that it’s better to use reinforcement for things that you’d originally think should be punished. I learned a lot about setting goals for behaviors that we might have and how we should go about conquering these goals.
Section 4.1
I increased the frequency of remembering self-directed behavior by eliciting reading the material, even though I was familiar with it. The thing that I will remember from this section is looking at the target behaviors of self-directed behaviors. I found it interesting to disect the new years resoultions and look at them in a completely different way. Some of the resoultions that were on the list were some ones that I have personally tried, such as getting fit. I am very aversive after the first week of eating healthy and exercising, but from this section I have learned that I need to use reinforcement and focus on different target behaviors.
Section 4.2
I personally think that emitting step 4, graphing a baseline, would be the hardest for me. It wouldn't be hard, but I find recording things in a diary to be annoying and think of it in an aversive way. Making the graph wouldn't be that bad, just the diary part of it. Step 7, Implement and adjusting the contingencies is the easiest step because after you have already elicited the self-directed behavior and understood the target behaviors, you are able to figure out which target behaviors work and which ones don't.
I believe that this section helped elicited a better understanding of the importance of target behavior. Before it was just finding the certain behavior in an action, but now it's actually taking everyday activities and being able to focus on the target behavior. Then you apply it as a self-directed behavior and learn how to control it so that it's not an aversive turnout.
4.1
After emitting the behavior of reading chapter 4.1 I was able to relate the content of this chapter to my own life. For example talking about resolutions I could relate to always saying that you are going to do something tomorrow. People never say I'm going to start my diet right now. Instead they always say that they are going to emit the behavior of dieting tomorrow that way they can eat what they want for the rest of the day. I will also remember that most of the time resolutions fail because they are too broad and they need to have a specific target behavior.
4.2
After emitting the behavior of reading about the 7 steps I would say the most difficult step would be the keeping the record. This would be the most difficult at least for me because I always get bored with it or forget about it. So I would find the behavior of keeping a record to be aversive. I would say the easiest behavior to emit would be the setting the goal step because anyone can set a goal it's the following through with that goal that is the hard part. Before emitting the behavior of reading this chapter I had never heard of the 7 steps involved in changing self directed behavior so that was all new to me. I thought that it was a lot of steps to emit in order to change a behavior and I don't see myself using those steps to change my behavior because I don't have enough self control or self discipline.
4.1
Reading this section elicited me to really think about the material and remember what I read because it elicited me to apply it to my life. The biggest thing that I will emit a remembering of is the difference between other-directed and self-directed behavior. Previously, we have learned about self-reinforcement, and now we are given a fuller explanation of that, now called self-directed behavior. Other-directed behavior occurs when someone else emits behavior modification upon us. Self-directed behavior occurs when we emit behavior modification upon ourselves. We structure our own behavioral interventions and contingencies. A good example of this is the idea of New Year’s Resolutions. This idea elicits us to think of things we want to change about ourselves. From emitting the exercises, I remember that it is vital that our behaviors be defined as specifically as possible to create our target behavior. Since reinforcement works better than punishment, differential reinforcement of other (DRO) allows us to transform target behaviors from those we want to decrease to ones we want to increase. I remember this concept; however, I found it difficult to emit the exercise because I felt that the concept was not fully explained with good examples. This would have assisted my learning and reinforced the concept further. Reading about target behavior specificity elicited my remembering because we have talked about this repeatedly.
4.2
Reading the steps for self-directed behavioral change and emitting the exercises elicited me to want to follow through with my goal. Throughout all the steps, the one that elicited the most aversive feeling was #3 Keep a Record. To me, this would be the most difficult. If you were to emit keeping a record with a pad of paper and pen, you would always have to carry them with you. While many people would probably use their phone for the record, there are times you may forget to bring it or the battery may die, etc. Having a goal of losing weight once elicited me to keep a food diary. The biggest reason I failed to succeed at my goal was because I could not emit regular record keeping. I would forget to write things down and when I would get to it, I would not remember what I ate. I also thought it was drudging. The difficulty of the steps depends highly on the target behavior chosen for intervention. The one I have currently, talking to my family more often, would be easier to record and keep track of. In order to reduce the aversive nature of record keeping, it is important to know yourself and what works best for you.
The step that elicited the most pleasurable feeling was #4 Graph a Baseline. To me, emitting a baseline graph would be easiest, because I have always liked that type of work. It is simple since you are taking the number of times/things/etc., and plotting them by time. It does not elicit much thinking. It is also an easy way to see where you are presently compared to where you would like to be. You can also use it to emit a second graph AFTER intervention on the same graph; therefore, you would have a clear record of improvement/change. For my target behavior, I would emit several baseline graphs, once for each target behavior for the overall goal, that way I could see if there is one part I need to work on more than the others in order to achieve my goal. I really find graphs desirable.
After reading the section, I found that there is a lot more to self-reinforcement, as it was previously called, than I thought. I realized that there are many steps along the way to achieving a goal that could cause you to fail. I hadn’t thought about the fact that self-directed behavior happens all the time, and am now very much aware of my daily goal-setting behavior. I also learned techniques to help me succeed with my goals, such as record keeping and graphing that I did not realize were a huge part before.
After emitting the behavior of reading section 4.1, right off the bat I was excited to learn more. There are many things that I will easily be able to remember from this section. The first thing I will remember is the difference between self-directed behaviors and other-directed behaviors. Other-directed behavior, I read, was necessary when managing a classroom, low functioning adults, marketing, and other situations such as work safety. The main thing to take from this concept is that others are in control of the reinforcements. At first, I didn’t really like the sound of this concept, I figured I could handle it myself. But after emitting the behavior of thinking about the idea, I realized there are many things I know I would let myself slip up on. For example, eating healthier, exercising more, not procrastinating on school work. All of these things will be much easier to control if someone is there to help along the way. On the flipside, self-directed behavior occurs when we ourselves choose a behavior we would personally like to increase or decrease. Here, we are able to make our own goals and structure exactly how we want to go about increasing or decreasing our target behavior. The key to self-directed behaviors is being as specific as possible and sticking to your goal. In order for self-direction to work, the person has to be 100% committed to their schedule and their reinforcements and punishments.
After emitting a reading behavior for section 4.2, I would have to say for me personally, step #2, defining and specifying my goals as a set of specific target behaviors would be the most difficult. When I am given a task, I stick with it and complete it, but when it came to changing one of my behaviors, there might be a different story. I know that I would try to find loop-holes to get out of doing something I didn’t want to. So, setting super specific goals, would be very important for me to do, but also very difficult. The whole time I would doubt that I could do it, and it would end up being a stressful task when it didn’t need to be.
Step # 1 would probably be the easiest behavior to emit. I have many different behaviors I would like to change, for example working out more, eating healthier, doing my homework as soon as possible instead of waiting until the last minute, etc. So choosing one of these would be pretty simple.
After reading these two sections, I felt that I can relate the concepts to my everyday life much easier now. I realize now that behavior modification is just as big a part of ourselves as others. I really liked learning about the 7 steps. I didn’t realize how easily behavior modification can be emitted. I wish I would have known these steps earlier in my life as well so I could have been working on modifying my behavior for the better. I also better understand the idea of antecedents after reading section 4.2. Antecedents are all around us and a part of our environment everyday and it’s important to understand how they can be manipulated to help us on our individual goals as well as others.
This chapter discussed self-directed behavior. Self-directed behavior occurs when an individual reinforces or punishes a specific target behavior in order to meet his/her goal. It was stated that it is easier to reach a goal when the target behavior is well defined. I will remember this concept most because I have made many goals in the past that have failed. For example, almost every month I make a goal to lose weight. I always fail to make my goal because it seems extremely overwhelming and impossible. Perhaps if I set a very specific goal or target behavior, I will have more success and won’t feel as if I am trying to conquer a very challenging goal. Instead of saying I want to lose weight, I will be very specific on the amount of pounds I want to lose and how I plan on losing it. I enjoyed this chapter because it elicited a feeling of self-assurance in me. With the knowledge I learned, I am confident that I can lose if I specify the target behavior I want to either reinforce or punish.
Chapter 4.2 states that there are seven self-directed behavior steps. The third step, keeping a record of your behaviors, is the most difficult step in my opinion. In this step, you are required to create a behavioral diary where you record the ABC’s of your target behavior. In my opinion, this is tedious work and requires constant up keeping. The text states that it is important to write down behaviors as soon as possible so the diary is accurate. Not many people have time to do this in their busy schedule. I attempted keeping a behavioral diary on a weight loss website. I posted in it once because it is hard to find time in the day to record everything. The first step, setting a goal, is easy in comparison to the third step. Almost everyone has a behavior they would like to change or improve. It is easy for one to set a goal, but it is much more difficult to follow through with it or put it into action. Prior to reading this chapter, I was unaware that there were seven self-directed behavior steps. I am grateful that the text informed me of these steps because now I have a better understanding of self-directed behavior and the processes involved.
Section 4.1) After emitting a reading behavior of section 4.1 I will remember that self-directed behavior modification is really about setting goals. Being organized and setting goals that can be reinforced are a great ways to self-direct and eventually change a behavior that we (ourselves) find to be disruptive or negative. I think this will be the easiest for me to remember because all of my life teachers have been trying to have me set goals for homework, studying, and improving myself. These I have always found extremely annoying to be honest because I felt I was doing fine and I have a problem with authority.
Section 4.2) the first set is to set a goal. The second step is to define and specify the goal in the sense of a target behavior. The third step is to keep a record of the goal and the progress made. The fourth step is to try and graph a baseline and your improvement from it. The fifth step is to define contingencies such as the reinforcer or the punisher we will use. The sixth step is to define the antecedents so we know what exactly elicits the behavior from us. The seventh and final step is to implement the modification and adjust the contingencies.
The hardest step for me would definitely be the last step. Actually committing to the modifications and using the contingencies would be very difficult except for small changes that didn’t truly affect me. The easiest though would be making the goal. I actually make many goals that I never live up to or ever change myself to meet and this step is the easiest to do and then simply ignore. I found that the idea of graphing the behaviors base line and changes to it were new and added to my knowledge of behavior modification
After emitting a reading behavior of Section 4.1 I will remember that with self directed behavior we set our own goals and administer our own reinforcers or punishers. It is fairly self explanatory, being that it is self-directed…we should be in control of what our behavior is or what behavior we want to change and should be able to reinforce or punish ourselves accordingly. After filling out the worksheets, they elicited a thought process of being more precise when targeting a behavior as well. If you don’t have a precise target behavior you may/may not reinforce/punish the wrong behavior or the right behavior but not know for sure. I will also remember that there are other behaviors that can be reinforced but will still function to reduce the original target behavior.
4.2
I think the hardest step to emit would be to keep good records of the behaviors that you are going to change. I say this because most target goals usually sound very simplistic ( e.x.: lose weight, quit smoking, develop better study habits….) It seems as I have gotten older my target behaviors to change have increasingly become more difficult to identify therefore they would be harder to keep records of. I say this with my target goal of graduating from college this summer. That is a broad goal, and the other behaviors are complementary of that goal. I believe the easiest step would be to implement and adjust the contingencies. As with any goal you need to have backup plans, or in this case the reinforcer or the way the reinforcer is delivered. I come from a sales background, and with any sale you always have more than one way to deliver your pitch or always have a plan B. I think the steps helped me reinforce what I had already known about behavior modification. Anytime you can break something down into parts and dissect those parts it helps elicit a better remembering action. Also the step about keeping a journal and writing things down soon after the behavior has happened is a good rule for anything. We should all get into a habit of writing things down soon than later because we forget all of the details of the event most of the time. If we right it down right after the action has taken place we take the forgetting out of the equation.
4.1
What I remember most about the chapter section would be how self-directed behavior ties in with New Year's goals. I found it interesting how we only choose one time of the year to change our behavior for the better of ourselves or others, but we never want to make reasonable goals any other time of the year. Having read this chapter it will make me more conscious of my goals I make on an everyday basis and not just the ones for special events.
4.2
I think in this chapter section one of the hardest of the seven steps for self-directional behavior change would be number three, to keep a record.
I know for a lot of people this would be the easiest one to do but for me, being a forgetful person, I would forget to write about my progress and just overall lose my data.
I think that the easiest step to follow out of the seven would be the first, to set a goal. This would be the easiest because it's easy to set a goal, it's just hard to follow through with it.
After reading this chapter the knowledge that I have gained towards my general understanding of behavior modification was self-directed behavior. It's a pretty simple concept to grasp but it's still just more knowledge to add on to what I know.
4.1
I think that I remember the fact that if you are using punishments instead of reinforcements when trying to accomplish a New Year's revolution, you are much more likely to fail. This really makes sense because as humans, we are much more likely to gravitate towards rewards when we do something that we want to continue. Associating punishment with things that we no longer want to do will probably work, but we do not like being punished. After reading this and the different examples, it really made sense and I think that it is something that should really be considered for future New Year's resolutions of my own.
4.2
Out of the seven steps for self-directed behavior, I think that step #4: Graph a Baseline would be the hardest to follow. I think this because, as the reading states, it is very easy to document your behavior, but it is very hard to put it all into graphs. There are many different questions that need to be answered in order to graph all of the different aspects correctly, and I think that with all of the things you have to worry about with the other steps having to add on all of this extra stuff for the graphing could make things that much more difficult for the process. On the other hand, I think that Step #1: Set a Goal would be the easiest to complete simply because it is a very easy step to do. Setting a goal could possibly be the most fun for the person as well, considering it allows them to really think about it and pick a goal that they really are passionate about changing in their life. Some information that I read that added to my knowledge would be that relying on your memory is not a very reliable way to record your behaviors considering our memory does not remember very small details that may be vital for you to record. You may think to yourself that you will just write it down later, but that is not a smart idea. Chances that you will not fully remember the behavior and all the small details are very good. Also another thing that added to my knowledge, when setting a goal you should focus more on a desirable behavior that you would like to increase instead of a aversive behavior that you would like to decrease. As stated in what I will remember from the first section, we as humans are very prone to respond much better to rewards and reinforcement.
4.1
After emitting a reading behavior, I decided that the information that elicited a remembering response most in me was that when dealing with self-directed behavior, it is better to redefine alternative behaviors that can be reinforced, but will still function to reduce the original target behavior. This is called differential reinforcement of other (DRO). This elicited a remembering response because we previously covered it in class and I emitted a behavior of creating examples for DROs in the chapter.
4.2
After emitting a reading behavior, I think that the hardest step of self-directed behavior modification is Step 7: Implementing and Adjusting the Contingencies. I think this step is most difficult because it is one thing to talk about changing something, but action is much harder. Also the contingencies will probably need to be constantly adjusted. Step 7 requires a commitment that is not necessary in the other steps.
I think the easiest step would be Step 1: Set a Goal. Like I said earlier, it is easy to talk about making a change, and that is precisely what setting a goal is. The goal doesn't even need to be specific. Coming up with a goal that includes reinforcing a good behavior might take a few minutes, but as soon as you come up with one, the step is complete.
The most profound new knowledge that I gained about behavior modification from this chapter was the existence of the seven steps and a few specific steps that we hadn't discussed in class before - mainly the keeping of a behavior diary and graphing a baseline of your behavior. I think these steps are very interesting and a lot more detailed than I originally thought they would be. I think knowing all seven steps will be extremely beneficial should I ever choose to implement self-directed behavior to obtain a goal.
4.1
I found many different aspects of this section interesting. I think the distinction between self-directed and others directed behavior will stay with me. I think this particular point seems memorable because the names for each give insight to what they mean. Self directed behaviors are set forth by one and meant to elicit that behavior in oneself. While other directed is implemented by someone other than yourself, which in some cases may seem manipulative or calculated on the other person’s part. I also found it a memorable point that most people’s self-directed behaviors fail, because they involve punishment. Using alternative behaviors that involve reinforcement instead of punishment can change this.
4.2
I feel that the most difficult step would be step 3, keeping a record of your behaviors. While scientifically I understand the concept of keeping track of a behavior prior to implementing changes to gain a baseline comparison, this seems the hardest for the sheer inconvenience of it. It seems that forgetting to record your behavior or failing to measure it correctly could throw off your baseline comparison, making harder ultimately to track your results.
I feel that the easiest to implement would be steps 1 and 2, setting your goal and defining your target behaviors based on that goal. In these stages its nothing more than thinking. It involves no action necessarily on ones part other than to ponder changing behavior. These stages seem to be more about thinking how one could elicit behaviors than actually going through with the steps to emit the behavior. It’s all contemplative and has very little commitment at this point in the process.
After reading this section particularly I feel that I have added upon ideas that are quite central to behavior modification. One idea being that behaviors don’t change instantly, the change with time and planning. In the case of self directed behaviors these changes are surround by 6 basic steps: setting a goal, defining a target behavior, keeping a record of behaviors, graph a baseline for behaviors, determining contingencies, determining antecedents, and implementing and adjusting contingencies. I also added to the basic idea that reinforcement is better than punishment in teaching. No one wants to be punished in anyway; this is why most goals fail. People set goals that wish to decrease the presence of something in their lives, this often turns out badly. So instead of viewing changing behavior from a punishment stand point, restructure your behavior to make it into something reinforcing.
4.1
After emitting the behavior of reading this section and eliciting a learning response for 4.1 I will remember the over arching and ever important goal. As everything in life has a goal or a purpose, so too does self-directed behavioral change. Effective self-directed behavior programs are reinforced through regularity. The goal is to have an elicited behavior occur with enough regularity that it will eventually occur automatically as part of a daily routine. The goal/consequence is the change in routine. Everyone in some way elicits a daily response that is controlled by a self-directed behavioral change. Even brushing one’s teeth every night could be considered a self-directed change. One self-directed change in my life has to do with my being a member of the Women’s Rugby team on campus. We are hoping to become a varsity sport and we have an amazing track record. As I wants to be a valued member on the team, I focus on making healthy choices easier and routine. For example, I work out every day from 4-6pm. I make a conscious effort to devote that time to fitness. I manipulate my behavior to direct the behavioral change or choosing to work out and push myself harder each day. I used to not work out during that time, but as I manipulate the way I use and look at that time, it becomes more automatic and routine. When I injured my ankle, it was difficult for me to not work out as my routine had been altered to include afternoon exercise. Even though I had the aversive consequence of pain from my ankle injury, I still wanted to work out and would try to do little things. Because my behavior and routine had been altered by my self-directed behavioral change, it was difficult to stop.
4.2
The most difficult step to emit would be step 3-to keep a record. I believe this to be the hardest simply because I view it as more of a buzz kill. It requires the emitting of detailed and specific behavior as soon as possible after it occurs. I believe that it would be annoying to emit a play-by-play of my life. Not to mention inconvient. I would feel that it would kind of get in the way of my actual living of my life. To write something down so soon so that it “doesn’t become distorted” would probably get annoying. I understand why it is important, because without eliciting this behavior, it is harder to tract your behavior and monitor one’s goals. The record helps to keep tract of the antecedents, tendencies/behaviors, and consequence that emit and effect on ones’ goals. Records influence the effectiveness one elicits, but I still believe it to be the most difficult and obnoxious step of self-directed behavior.
The easiest step for me would be to emit the behavior of listing the goal itself. It’s easy to state goals that one may have and even easier to list them. The difficult part is following through and eliciting the desire to change. An individual could elicit the behavior of righting down a list of goals every day, though that may increase the likelihood that the go about achieving this goal, it is the easiest part of the journey to self-directed behavioral change.
After emitting the behavior of reading the chapter I elicit an understanding of the importance of goal setting. Goal setting is constantly reinforced through almost every aspect of my life. My church and faith, sports, school/education, my future family, my future career, saving for retirement, what I wish to do with my life in general, etc are all areas in which I set goals and have been encouraged to set goals. Goal setting has in itself been a behavioral change. That is to say that when I was younger it was reinforced until it became an automatic, habitual response. I now set goals in most aspects of my life. After emitting the reading behavior of this chapter the goal setting information expanded on my already engrained knowledge about this aspect of behavior modification.
I believe I’ll remember most the point made in the beginning of the chapter regarding why so many self-directed behavioral changes fail is due to the fact that we do not narrow it down to the target behavior we want to change. Most people say I want to lose weight. This does not work because you need to be precise about which behavior that you’re emitting that is leading to the consequence of being overweight. A better choice of a target behavior to change would be to stop eating specific foods or to stop eating after a certain time. One must chose a specific behavior to change and if they can do that they already pass one of the main reasons for failure of behavior change.
I believe the most difficult to follow self-directed behavioral change steps would be to keep a record, graph a baseline, determine antecedents, and implement and adjust the contingencies. Keeping a record would be hard because it’s difficult to remind yourself to write everything down and even harder to remember where you write it down and not lose the information. Graphing a baseline would be difficult as well because you really have to think hard about what all information you want to put into the graph and also if you’re not too familiar with graphs it may be hard to understand your graph, let alone create one. Determining the antecedents would be difficult because myself being in college, my schedule varies greatly. It’s hard to say where I’ll be so that I can implement the behavior change seeing as my work and class schedule varies and also my social life is usually an issue with trying to say for sure what I will be doing. Finally implementing and adjusting contingincies would be difficult because you may forget to reinforce yourself or may not have the money to at a given time and when it is time for adjustment it may be difficult to say what the proper adjustment is. Also it’s hard to punish yourself, it’s easier when others punish us because when we are doing the punishing, we can simply not do it and nothing changes.
I believe that setting a goal would be easy, especially if you’re going through all the work such as creating a graph and determining antecedents, you’ve probably thought through what you’re goal is far ahead of time and have wanted it for a long time as well. Defining specific behaviors would be easier because most of the time if you are at the point where you’re implementing this plan you have thought about what target behaviors are really effecting the general behavior change you would like to make. If you need help with this step it would be rather easy to look online or ask someone else to look at your situation without bias and tell you what they think. Finally determining contingincies would be rather easy because it’s the reward you would like to get for making that behavior change and we all know what we like so it should be rather easy to choose the reinforcer. And it should be easy to know what you did wrong (straying from your plan) and what to do to fix it /what to do to punish yourself so you don’t screw up again.
The information added to my prior knowledge could help tremendously on future self directed behavioral change. I now know 7 steps to abide by in order to make it easier and simpler to meet my goal of behavior change. I never thought to make a graph and also I’ve always punished myself or reinforced myself after doing something good such as eating too much or working out right after I emitted said behavior. I never planned out my punishment or reinforcement ahead of time and I think that is a crucial part to self directed behavior change.
4.1
After emitting a reading behavior on section 4.1 which focused on self-directed behaviors, I will remember a few different things such as: other-directed behaviors vs. self-directed behaviors, again emitting a specific target behavior, and reinforcing incompatible behaviors instead of punishing when using self-directed behaviors. Self-directed vs. other-directed behaviors elicited a curiosity because I use other-directed behaviors quite often at work and have tried self-directed behaviors on myself; sometimes successfully other times unsuccessfully. Overall the main concept that was driven home to me was emitting a very specific target behavior, even though I tend to find the target behavior portion slight aversive because after our classroom discussion I find myself always question my target behaviors to be sure they are direct and cannot be interpreted in any other form.
4.2
Emitting a reading behavior on section 4.2 was at first a bit aversive because I thought it was tedious and repetitive, but I finished the section with a better understanding of self-directed behaviors and how easily they can go wrong and fail as many New Year’s Eve resolutions often do. I found the fact that self-directed behavior had been step up as steps, which I elicits an ease in executing things more correctly, for myself anyway. The step I would find the most difficult to execute would be setting up the target behavior. Emitting a specific target behavior will make or break the rest of the steps in the process. It elicits that old saying, “measure twice, cut once” where you shouldn’t enter into the process without a first clear concise goal. The step I would find easiest to execute would be in turn, setting the goal. I find it very easy to state goals I readily want to accomplish as do many others, but I think that is where a lot of us stop in the process and have a hard time moving forward.
This chapter elicited a new found respect for behavior modification because when we emitted a learning behavior on target behaviors earlier in the book, I found it to be aversive and frustrating, which I also remember reading that means I’m learning the material. This chapter, with the steps in self-directed behaviors helped elicit a sense of understanding why setting a specific target behavior is important. It also built on prior knowledge of reinforcement and punishment with the introduction of reinforcing incompatible behaviors. It also took me back to looking at the consequences and how they affect the antecedents and how changing the antecedents can better help achieve and emit your desired behavior.
4.1
After emitting the reading behavior of section 4.1, I am elicited to remember the part about New Years resolutions. The reason for this is, in the past, New Years resolutions haven't been taken seriously by myself because there hasn't been any sort of motivation to follow through with them so I actually stopped making them. But with this section it breaks it down into corresponding target behaviors and goes into how one can use reinforcement to stay the course. This information can be used to succeed in making and keeping a New Years resolution.
4.2
I think that emitting step 3 or keeping a record would be the most difficult because it involves keeping records which is not something that is a strength of mine. The fact that I would be trying to change a behavior about myself alone would make it easy to neglect that step because if its already something I dont enjoy doing. So, doing it to break a habit in a way, would make it that much more difficult.
Step 2 or defining the goal as a set of target behaviors would be the easiest step to emit for me. This is because if I want to change a behavior about myself, then it means that I have already put significant amount of thought into it so breaking the behavior down into a few target behaviors would be easy. Plus we all know ourselves pretty well so this step may not even be something that needs much contemplation since we may have been living with this behavior for an extended amount of time.
In the past, even so far in this semester, when I'd emit the behavior of thinking about behavior modification, I've always been elicited to think about a person trying to change someone else's behavior. I hadn't really thought about a person using a set group of steps to change one of their own behaviors. The fact that behavior modification can also be self imposed is actually a pretty cool concept.
After emitting a behavior of reading section 4.1, what I will remember the most is how to self-direct my behavior effectively. One way to self-direct behavior effectively is to be specific. By being specific and identifying the target behavior, it will be easier to tell if the behavior needs to be reinforced or punished. Another way to self-direct behavior is to use differential reinforcement. This means reinforcing yourself for emitting a behavior that is incompatible with the behavior you are wishing to stop.
After emitting a behavior of reading section 4.2, I decided that step 7 would be the most difficult in the 7 steps of self-directed behavior change. I think this would be the most difficult because this is when all of the action has to start happening. The steps ahead of this may seem like tough work, as well, but actually putting the plan into action may be more difficult than it sounds. I feel that once a person emits the behavior of finding their target behavior and flaws, they will get discouraged and back out of the project. On the other hand, I think step 1 would be the easiest to accomplish. This step is to set a goal. This goal could be for anything you wish to change about a behavior, and I don’t find this a difficult step at all. Some information that I have gained from emitting a behavior of reading this chapter is that when an individual is trying to self-direct behavior, they need to emit a behavior of graphing a baseline. This is an important step because then the individual can see the improvement they are making in the process. I also learned that there is more to self-reinforcement than I had thought. I realized that there are many steps involved in changing your own behavior, and even one missed step could cause you to not accomplish your goal.
4.1
One thing I will remember from this section is how to come up with a self-directed behavior and emit the behavior effectively through reinforcement, by narrowing down a self-directed behavior it is easier to maintain and accomplish. One reason self-directed behavior fails to be achieved is there behavior they want to emit is to broad. A person needs to have a specific target behavior. Another important thing to remember is a behavior needs to be manageable within a person’s life. The reinforcement that someone chooses to use should also be specific.
4.2
After reading section 4.2 I think the hardest step to accomplish out of the seven steps to self-directed behavior would be to graph a baseline. I feel like graphing a baseline would be the most difficult. I feel this would be the most difficult because its pointless if we are keeping a journal with much more detail in it about our self-directed behavior we are emitting. I think the easiest step out of the seven would be defining the goals as a set of specific target behaviors, because it’s a set of mini goals that help us achieve our main goal. We are constantly emitting this behavior in our everyday life. We emit this when we make a meal, when we do homework, when we study …etc.
After reading the two chapters I feel like the steps to self-directed behavior adds to the information we have already learned about how to get others to change target behaviors that we dislike. It has similar steps it just has smaller goals to achieve a bigger goals. I think it is also similar because reinforcement works well for self-directed behavior and changing the behavior of someone else.
In section 4.1 I emitted a learning behavior the strongest towards three things that intertwine with each other. First of all, when trying to emit a self-directed behavior change (like a New Year’s Resolution) it is important to make it a specific behavior. Making the behavior you want to change too broad can cause the change to fail. Second, it is probably better to reinforce behaviors rather than punish them. We like to be rewarded so it would be in our best interest to reinforce our behaviors instead of punishing them. Lastly, if you are trying to decrease a target behavior, it can help to make a DRO and find alternate behaviors that can be reinforced and can also decrease the target behavior.
In section 4.2 I emitted a reading behavior and leaned about the 7 steps of self-directed behavior. The hardest I believe for me would be to keep a record. This is basically because I’m not the kind of person who likes to journal or write down, quite frankly, anything. The easiest obviously is step 1, set a goal. Everyone knows that there are things they can improve on. Setting the goal is easy, following through is the hard part.
Something I learned (or at least never thought of) about behavior modification after reading these is to make a DRO to help with your ultimate goal. I never thought of making little alternate behaviors that can be reinforced in order to decrease my target behavior.
After reading section 4.1, please respond to the following questions.
What are three things you will remember from what you read in the chapter? Why?
I learned that a goal of self-directed behavior is to adapt and develop better behaviors. I will remember this because it is explain in the chapter. I learned as well that other-directed behavior is controlling the reinforcers in an environment. I then learned the a person can choose to increase or decrease a target behavior. These points are each explained in the assigned text, and they can be chosen to apply to other situations.
What was one thing that you really liked that was in the chapter? Why?
I enjoyed in growing understanding of increasing and decreasing behaviors. This can be really interesting to ponder and reflect a little more or less about.
What was one thing that you disliked that was in the chapter? Why?
I am only thinking of positives at the moment. Bmod.
What were some ideas that came to mind when you were reading the chapter?
I will be paid know mind.
After reading section 4.1, please respond to the
following questions.
What are three things you will remember from what you read in the chapter? Why?
I learned that goals can be broad at first. I learned that change of behavior can lead to accomplishing goals, and I learned that clear definitions and quantitative specifics are important in this process. I will remember these because of the 6 steps of self-directed behavior.
What was one thing that you really liked that was in the chapter? Why?
I liked the encouragement for quantitation. I enjoy making graphs and timelines.
What was one thing that you disliked that was in the chapter? Why?
I am thinking only of positives at the moment. Bmod.
What were some ideas that came to mind when you were reading the chapter?
.MasterCrisp’s Chocolate Hummus. Thanks!! –ebs- 10/23/12 @ 1715hrs. CentricTime
Term% quantitation, behavior modification, reinforce, goal, define, specify, self-directed behavior, other-directed behavior