Please read the chapter assigned for this week.
(Reading Schedule: http://www.uni.edu/~maclino/hybrid/bm_book_s11.pdf)
After reading the chapter, please respond to the following questions:
Of the various aspects of Behavior Modification presented in the chapter, which did you find the most interesting? Why? Which did you find least interesting? Why? What are three things you read about in the chapter that you think will be the most useful for you in understanding Behavior Modification? Why? What are some topics in earlier chapters that relate or fit in with this chapter? How so?
Please make sure you use the terms, terminology and concepts you have learned so far in the class. It should be apparent from reading your post that you are a college student well underway in a course in psychology.
Make a list of key terms and concepts you used in your post.
Let me know if you have any questions.
--Dr. M
I feel that the most interesting piece of information from these two sections is the topic of rule governed behaviors. Rule governed behaviors are those behaviors that have resulted from established norms, morals, or ethical standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its history. Most rule governed behaviors are maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is usually just a verbal command or reference. Many rule governed behaviors are emitted or not emitted by individuals because they are based on the socialization procedures within a given culture. I found this interesting because I did not realize how much rule governed behaviors I emit or don’t emit due to culture or society beliefs. The society has governed many of the behaviors that I either emit or don’t emit every day. Such an example of a rule governed behavior is that you are not supposed to have sexual relations with a family member. The least interesting thing I found from these sections was the topic of functions of behaviors. Even though this is an important concept, I feel I understand this concept better than some of the others.
The three concepts that I feel are most important within these sections is the importance of topography, measuring behaviors and baselines. When you want to measure a behavior you need to know and understand the topography of the behavior. The topography of a behavior the behavior consists of. There are many ways to open a door, but all the ways in which you open a door are in the topography of the “door opening behavior.” When measuring a behavior it is important to decide if you are going to measure all the behavior that serve the same function or if you are only going to measure a particular behavior that serves the function of a behavior you want to change. It is important to specify which behaviors you want to increase or decrease and how you will increase or decrease those behaviors to measure them. One of the big things to do and remembers with measuring behaviors is to create a baseline. A baseline is a record of the amount of the behavior of interest that we are currently emitting. The baseline can be considered a starting point to you behavior change. Without a baseline, you will not know if your work on changing your behavior is going well. You won’t be able to see if your behavior is increasing or decreasing, so its highly important to record a baseline.
Terms: Rule-Governed Behaviors, Topography of Behaviors, Baseline, Emitted
I enjoyed the rule of governed behavior. I think its very true to like and the things that we live by!
I found Section 5.1 as a whole very interesting. The section was mostly about revisiting the concepts of functions, topography and measuring behaviors to gain a more in depth understanding of the concepts than what we did before. I found the revisiting and more in depth analysis of the functions of behaviors interesting. The concept was explained initially as we had learned it before, in saying that some emitted behaviors can serve the same function, also referred to as behavioral classes. All behaviors in each behavioral class are all functionally related. An example of this would be turning off your alarm in the morning. There are different ways of doing it (unplugging it, throwing it against the wall, tapping the snooze button,etc.) but the function of turning off the alarm stays the same. In the section, it is explained that all behaviors have a function. The function of eating junk food is given in the book and describing the different functions of eating junk food (convenience, cheap, friends are eating it, etc.) and by knowing this we gain a deeper understanding of the concept of functions of behaviors.
I found Section 5.2 not very interesting. I have this opinion because the section seemed pretty self explanatory but talked about in a more deeper sense by giving examples.
Important concepts I will remember from these two chapters is that every behavior has a function, topography is using movements to conduct a behavior, and that context matters in the sense of considering topography of behavior. The example of opening a door is given in the book. Depending on the antecedent, the topography behavior of opening the door may be different depending on if you are holding something, if your in a hurry, or what type of door you need to open. These behavior may seem minor, but when thinking about them in a history of behavioral contingencies may be important in analyzing an organisms behavior. Depending on a trial and error concept in opening a door, the organism finds a way to open a door and since they were reinforced with the door opening, they will more than likely emit the same behavior they did before because they were reinforced for it. It is also important to remember that if you are going to carry out a behavioral intervention that you need to create a baseline in order to use it as a starting point to change ones behavior. Without a baseline, the researcher and test subject will not have a starting point in changing their behavior.
TERMS: emit, behavior, behavioral intervention, baseline, function, topography, context
Knowing the function of our behaviors is something that is important to understand. All of our behaviors function or DO something, we emit them for a reason- or for a variety of reasons.
Three things I found interesting in these sections were topographies,
Topographies is basically how the behavior is emitted. There are many different ways in which we learn to do things—the section used opening a door as an example. The way we usually open a door normally depends on what reinforcement or punishment we receive after we emit the behavior. In addition, the context in which we emit the behaviors also make a big impact.
Rule governed behaviors are also something I’ll remember from these sections. They can result from established norms, morals, or ethical
standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its
history. Most of our behaviors are emitted because of the socialization procedures given by a certain culture. It’s interesting to think about all of the behaviors I do and do not emit because of these social/legal rules.
I also found baselines to be important when you are logging or tracking your behaviors. It is always important to have some sort of starting point so that you know later how much you have progressed or digressed.
The topic that I found most interesting from the chapter was the idea of governed behavior, which can form from norms, morals, ethical standards, and rules. One rule of governed behavior is that they may or not be emitted depending on the individual. For example, I personally will not eat meat because it goes against my morals and ethical standards. Rules (antecedents) and consequences to abiding the rules can greatly alter our behaviors, which exemplifies the importance of studying and understanding rule governed behavior. We emit a behavior and hope to get the desired consequence, if we receive the desired consequence the rule will be strengthened, increasing the likelihood that he will follow abide by the rule. I find the topic to be similar to reinforcement/punishment, which was talked about in previous chapters. Rules can be taught or learned directly. Deadlines are also example of rule governed behavior. Deadlines are antecedents/discriminative stimuli that inform us of the consequences that might occur when behaviors are time sensitive. For example, if I have a paper that is due tomorrow by 9:00 AM and the paper is worth half of my grade, the deadline acts as a discriminative stimulus. The deadline is informing me that if I choose to complete the paper on time I have a greater likelihood of doing well in the class versus if I chose not to abide by the deadline; I will not do well in the class. Signs are also another example of governed behavior. Signs sometimes tell us the exact consequence and many times we have to infer what possibly consequences might be. I also thought the information about behavior measurement was important. The chapter stated the importance of defining a clear target behavior, which was mentioned in many previous chapters. The chapter also reintroduced the concept of a baseline, which is a record of the amount of the behavior for the behavior of interest that an individual is currently emitting. A baseline is a starting point, which will help when comparing the before and after affects of the intervention to determine its effectiveness. The chapter states that you must first determine what the behavior is (target behavior). You then must determine how to document the behavior when it occurs. It is important to document the behavior right away when it occurs so you don’t forget behavior or have error in your recordings. The reading encourages the individual to record their behavior when it happens in a small notebook, text message yourself, tape record etc. The tools to help record behaviors when they occur should be kept in the context where the behavior occurs and failure to emit a behavior should also be recorded. I didn’t find anything in the chapter to be the least interesting. Three things that I will remember after reading the chapter are the concepts of governed behavior, measurement, and baseline recordings. Some topics from earlier chapters that relate to the current chapter are topographically similar behavior, which are behaviors that look the same of the surface. Also functional behaviors, which serve the same function ties into the chapter. Baseline was also mentioned in previous chapters which ties into the measurement section of the reading. Target behavior is also an important concept that was previously mentioned. Target behavior fits into the section because the chapter again reminds us of the importance of defining a clear target behavior when measuring behavior, determining goals, and deciding how to increase/decrease a behavior.
Terms: Governed behavior, baseline, topographical, functional, reinforcement, emit, target behavior.
My favorite section was 5.2, the information regarding rule governed behaviors. This is interesting because it's not really something you pay much attention to but is something we're faced with on a daily basis. Whether it is driving you car and obeying laws, or using the proper bathrooms men's room for men and Women's for women... these rule governed behaviors are also discriminative stimulus. They tell us what to do and we follow the rules in order to avoid facing consequences for breaking the rules or the established norms. We don't speed or run the stop signs because the law tells us not to emit those lawless behaviors or we will risk the chance of punishment. There are not always obvious reinforcer's for following these governed rules, it might seem inconvenient to wait at a red light at 4 am when there are no other cars in sight but if you run it you risk the chance of getting caught on camera or a cop sitting somewhere in the dark waiting for you to break the law. We are reinforced for waiting because by waiting we wont get any tickets what so ever. There may be no obvious reinforcement for not having a baby within your family, however disgusting that may be, but we will be reinforced by society for not breaking the established norms.
The information that I liked the least would probabley be the review information we read about. Measuring behaviors and topography of behaviors. Although this information was review it is very important to revisit and learn more about. Each behavior serves a function, behaviors with similar topography may look differently but serve a similar purpose... you can open the door with your hand, shoulder, or foot... no matter which you choose to use (history of reinforcement and punishment usually dictate which behavior you will emit) the door will ultimately be open.
Three things that I will remember the most and will be most useful for me to remember are; When measuring behaviors you must record the behavior immediately after it is emitted in order to insure you have a proper record of your behaviors you are trying to change and you can keep track of your progess efficiently. Rule governed behaviors control the behaviors of individuals within a society based on established norms and laws, people will obey these governed behaviors to avoid punishment. Behaviors that we emit will always serve a function, example being eating junk food serves the function of convenience, driving serves the function of arriving at your destination faster than walking.
Many concepts and terms were revisited and integrated into these sections, these include; measuring behaviors, target behaviors, functions of behaviors, topography, recording behaviors, antecedents, ABC's of behavior and baseline.
Terms: rule governed behaviors, discriminate stimulus, punishment, reinforcement, measuring behaviors, topography, emit, measuring behaviors, target behaviors, functions of behaviors, antecedents, baseline
What I thought was most interesting was the section 5.2 about Rule Governed Behavior. This can result from established norms, morals, or ethical standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its history. I guess I never thought of running a stop sign or red light has a rule governed behavior. I knew that it was the law and everything and also because I never knew the term for it. I guess it makes sense when you do something like not shoplifting because you know the consequences if you were to emitted that behavior in a store. A lot of individuals don’t shoplift because it is against the law to do so and they don’t want to be punished for that behavior. I just think it is an interesting concept to think about because I really never thought of it as that. I guess I’ve learned something from the time I was little that it has become a norm to do, which is exactly what this section is talking about. That law can govern our behaviors.
I really didn’t find anything in any of the sections to be least interesting. I thought the functions of behavior were pretty neat and it was a nice reminder and also it added to what we already learned. Other than that I didn’t read anything I thought wasn’t interesting.
The three things that I will remember from these two sections are functions of behaviors and how all behaviors have a function, measuring behaviors, such as a baseline which is pretty much your starting point. You should also record the target behavior as soon as possible because memory sometimes is unreliable. The third thing that I will remember is from rule governed behavior about sources of rules and where they come from. I thought it was interesting how people will buy books and listen to expects about how often to check your email or how to handle paperwork. I thought this was very important.
I think how this fits into the other topics in behavior is target behaviors because you have to have one to when discussing topographies and functions of behavior. Also, going back to the ABCs fits into this chapter nicely because in 5.2 it discusses the antecedent, behavior, and the consequence. An example would be No parking in handicapped parking- $200 fine. It tells you the consequence if you were to park there. I thought this fit nicely.
I enjoyed how it establishes rules norms values and all aspects of life that we live by :)
I thought I would add to this blog post. I thought was extremely interesting from rule governed behavior is the sources. There is the government from family traditions. There are some many behaviors that we do day to day that are rule governed. We read books that help us govern our lives and people follow what experts say about checking emails or how to handle paperwork. I live in a small town and usually people fly through the town going 35-45 mph and it’s 25 mph. I know because I have lived there for 21 years that there is always a cop on the other side of town sitting there and someone almost always gets pulled over. I have yet to get pulled over. After reading the section of Rule Governed Behavior I really never thought of all the things that I do that is governed by rules such as deadlines. Some rules are spelled out to tell you what you will get if you break the rules (road signage).
I thought it was interesting that it ties in with section 4.3 because that section was very informative and this section only offered more useful information; but the section about "functions of behavior" didn't flow with the first page.
I never thought of measuring any behaviors, frankly I think of math and construction when I think of measuring something. Measuring your own behavior goes into self directed behaviors and the sub goals we create to achieve the main goal, because in order to have a goal you must self direct yourself, and create the smaller goals to help you achieve it. It is rather hard to measure a behavior, just like the phrase, "easier said than done". It is easy to say that you are going on a diet but when those Dairy Queen commercials come on, or your friends are asking you to come have a drink, those temptations are often given into.
This is why you must develop the sub goals, slowly taking away one thing at a time instead of quitting social drinking and junk food all in one day. So in an effort to achieve your goal of dieting, you should use positive and negative reinforcement. Perhaps you could have a cookie after dinner if you haven't hit your limit of calorie intake, or go out for a couple of drinks if you had an extra hard workout. Another example is "Farrell's" a group of people workout with trainers and whoever lost the most weight or inches recieves $1,000 to shop for a new wardrobe.
It is hard for me to grasp the idea that we have such a problem with obesity because our society most of all puts emphasis on the way we look, eliciting people to workout more because being fat is not exceptable. This plays in with rule governed behaviors, however the norms that we have created through media about the way we "should" look hasn't had much effect on the obesity rate.
There are several different ways to workout, too many in fact, but these different workouts all have the same topography. Nearly every move emitted during the workout session is uncomfortable and odd looking, but each pose is made for the same reason, to lose weight. According to behavioral contingencies, if someone is working out and they are seeing results, then they will likely increase these behaviors by continuing to workout.
The three most interesting facts that I thought were useful were; context matters, establish a baseline, and rule governed behavior.
Measuring behavior, self directed behavior, sub goals, Positive and Negative reinforcement, rule governed behaviors, topography, emitted, eliciting, behavioral contingencies
The most interesting part of these sections would be 5.2. 5.1 was mostly review so not as interesting. 5.2 was also review but put some idea's we have been previously presented with into different contexts.
Three things worth remembering from these sections would be: There are different ways to measure target behaviors. You can measure the frequency or the quality of the behavior. Also, the idea that the history of an organism will dictate a behaviors topography is interesting. Because of previous reinforcements and punishments for the target behavior it's looks will be defined. This also makes some behavior automatic. I found to concept in section 5.2 about behaviors being governed by rules interesting. Socialization or the norms, morals and ethical standards for us and those in our culture are always present. These ideas create rules, laws, functions, expectations, etc. that function as antecedents that will determine which behavior will be emitted, much as discriminative stimuli does.
Most of the ideas and concepts in these two section are products or expansions of earlier readings.
Terms: Target Behavior, function, topography, rule governed behavior, antecedents, emit, discriminative stimuli.
I found chapter 5.2 most interesting only because the other chapter seemed like review on so many levels. This chapter was like a life lesson chapter, I felt like it really made sense even in reality. This chapter touched on so many things like the Rule governed behavior which is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal. This is like not having babies with your family members. This rule is passed down from generation to generation. Many people do not realize that this is how we make or made our values, beliefs and traditions. It was all done by rule governed behavior. Each rule may or may not be emitted; it all depends on the person which is supposed to be emitting the behavior. This also is true to religion, whereas each religion is different.
The reason why rules govern our behavior is because of where the source of the rules is coming from. For many children if their parents tell them rules then the children are going to emit the behavior that pertains to that rule. Each rule came from somewhere which is why it is being governed. This chapter also encountered the ABC which is good for those who need help on them sometimes. Like myself. One also needs to be organized which then leas to an increased efficiency. The last thing that many forgot to do is the deadlines. If one does not have a deadline they often forget to emit the behavior which then allows for consequences if the behavior is not emitted before a certain time frame.
All of these things are what I thought would help me the most with behavior modification.
I feel that the beginning chapters relate because you can emit or elicit a pleasurable or aversive behavior which then will lead to an aversive or pleasurable consequences. I feel that once is also conditioned to do a certain behavior. Like Jan and going fast around the curve. She conditioned herself to go slow around the corner.
What I found most interesting from these readings is rule governed behavior. This can result from established norms, morals, or ethical standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its history. Some behaviors are emitted by individuals solely based on socialization procedures within a given culture. Rule governed behaviors may or may not be emitted depending on the individual. Some people adhere to rule governed behavioral restrictions due to a perceived sense of obligation to those rules in order to be a contributing member of society. Sources of rules can be government, society, cultures, holiday traditions, family traditions, peers, attorneys, and ourselves. Depending on the rules as antecedents and the consequences to adhering to the rules can greatly alter our behaviors. It is important to get organized, which is a rule and a behavior. Deadlines can function as rules governing behavior. They are antecedents and discriminative stimuli and inform us of consequences that might occur when behaviors are time sensitive.
Terms : discriminative stimuli, antecedents, emitted
Thee two sections for this week are a lot of review from lessons previously in the semester but it seems to help me understand.
I am just trying to refresh my memory on this one! Rule governed behavior is maintained with the obligation of maintaining order has a verbal antecedent. Some people emit behaviors that deviate from established rules because they are sure they will get punished. ( I don't stop at stop signs in the middle of the country).Getting organized, such as only checking facebook one time a day. If we do this more than once we tell ourselves we should only do it once a day. We verbally remind ourselves that we do not need to get on facebook more than once. Rules are important to our behaviors as they act as antecedents. (Signs saying "if you get caught stealing you will be convicted).
After reading sections 5.1 and 5.2, I thought the parts that talked about topography and functions were the most insightful. We have learned about both these topics before but these sections really helped explain them and help put them into prospective for me. I liked the example that had to deal with functions on how to get a bartenders attention. We can wave at the bartender, yell at him, ask someone who has the bartender’s attention to but us a drink, etc. All these behaviors have the same function, which is to attract the bartender and get a drink. The example of topography used in the section was about the ways to open a door depending on how the door looks. You might push the door with your shoulder if it’s a door with no handle, you might turn the handle and open the door if it’s a door with a handle etc.
The part about ruled governed behavior in section 5.2 was the least interesting to me. I thought that all the section really did was explaining why we do certain behaviors. I really didn’t learn much from it because it was mostly common sense. After going through this course I analyze things so much more now so this section just stated what I already know and do.
Three things that I would take away from these sections are Topography, functions, and starting a baseline. Topography and functional behaviors are easy to remember because it explains the different way s of getting a behavior to occur and how to go about using that behavior depending on situation at hand. Baseline I will remember because it’s the starting point of our behavior that we will measure as we go on in the process.
These chapters really just keep building on the early chapters we had in this class. As we develop the behavior we want, which we learned is a target behavior in the beginning of the class, we have to clearly know everything about it. This is where terms like functional and topography come in. They explain how we want the target behavior to happen to where we are most reinforced and not punished.
Topography, functional, reinforcement, punishment, governed behaviors, behavior, baseline.
After reading this section I realized the parts on rule governed behavior were a lot more important than I first thought. Rule governed behavior is a behavior which is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal. The rule governed behavior can result from established norms, morals, or ethical standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its history. Our lives are controlled by rules all around us. Stops signs, religious practices, morals, laws, all these things are what govern are behavior in life. We a bid by the rules that are around us and what we were raised with. Everyone has their own set of rules that they follow. Rules act as antecedents, they determine our behavior.
Day to day behaviors are rule governed
A-take the pizza from the oven before it burns
B- taking out the pizza
C-eat good pizza
A-wash the car on Sundays
B- wash the car
c-clean car
A- Read the book before class
B-Read the book
C-Understand the lecture
Rules can emerge from contingences
A-See a cop around the corner
B- slow down
c- avoid ticket
Deadlines- function as rule governing behaviors. Deadlines are antecedents and discriminative stimuli as well. They inform us of consequences that might occur when behaviors are time sensitive. Ex. Paying for a registration fee for a research conference he plans to attend. If he pays before the conference the registration is considerably less and as a result he is reinforced by following the rule. If he pays after the deadline, then the registration is considerably more expensive and he will experience punishment for not following the rule.
A-Pay before deadline
B- register early
C-spend less money
A-Pay before deadline
B-Register late
C-Spend more money
I was very interested with the definition of rule governed behavior: "Behavior which is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal"
To be honest, I've never thought of rules from a behavioral perspective. It makes perfect sense to classify a rule as a verbal antecedent, and I think the desire to maintain order (or fear of consequences) are other antecedents as well. It makes me wonder: if this functional class of behaviors is ABC driven (when I had never thought about it that way before), are all behaviors driven by ABCs? I'm sure Skinner would say so. In fact, if some behaviors had no antecedent, I don't think the study of behavior could be scientific in any meaningful sense.
I think the least interesting part of the reading this week was the section on measuring behaviors, since most of it was review.
The three things from this reading that I think will be the most useful are the relationship between rules and operant conditioning, the idea that all behaviors have a function and a topography, and the knowledge that both function and topography can be used to measure behavior depending on the goal of behavior modification.
The most applicable parts of other chapters are definitely topographical and functional behavior classes. It is definitely useful to know how to apply topography and function to behavior modification rather than just knowing that behaviors can be classified in this way without knowing the purpose of the classification.
Terms: rule governed behavior, verbal antecedent, functional class of behaviors, operant conditioning, topography
I thought section 5.2 was a lot more interesting because it seemed like 5.1 was a lot of review. It did have a lot of good and useful information in it. Rule governing behavior is very interesting. The definition of this is "behavior which is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal. This can be through social norms, or ethical standards. I like the example used in the section. The example was avoidance of sexual relations with family members. People don't need to be reinforced or punished to know that it is not right. Another example that was used was running a red light. Some people emit this behavior, because they think that they will not get punished, so therefore they do not follow the rule governing behavior. I also enjoyed reading the part about deadlines. Deadlines are a form of rules governing behavior. There are also antecedents and discriminative stimuli. People follow these deadlines because they are aware of consequences that may happen if deadlines are not met.
The thing I liked most about section 5.1 was the review. The most interesting part was where it talked about functions. All behaviors have a function whether we realize it or not. For example, there is a function to why I am writing this blog..I want to do well in the class. Everything has a function.
Three things I will remember from these two sections is 1. rule governing behavior deals with maintaining a behavior because of the obligation to maintain order. 2. every behavior has a function whether we are aware of it or not, and 3. deadlines are a function of rule governing behavior.
terms: rule governing behavior, antecedent, reinforced, punished, emit, discriminative stimuli, consequence
Section 5.2 was most interesting to me because of the Rule Governed Behavior, it interests me because it’s something that goes on our everyday life and really don’t notice it at all, for example, we obey traffic lights, we don’t engage in sexual relations with our relatives, we celebrate birthdays in the United States (depending on your religion), because there are rules and consequence that can lead to punishments if we don’t follow certain rules (behaviors). A lot of Rule Governed Behaviors are “results of norms, morals, or ethical standards…” It is our chose to behavior according to the laws set out for us, or we cannot follow them and get the consequences for rule breaking, I didn’t realize that a lot of our day to day behaviors are governed, with deadlines for example, I know if my homework is late, I need to doc myself a 1 point, that is the consequence.
I did not find section 5.1 about measuring behavior to be interesting, it seems very easy to be able to measure your behaviors on your own easily if you really wanted to and functions of behavior is common knowledge, every behavior has a function.
3 things I will most remember from this reading: Rule Governed Behavior, because it deals with things we do in our everyday life “daily,” it’s just so simple to understand, that deadlines can also function as ruled governed behavior because there are consequences that can happen when “behaviors are time sensitive”, and how ABC’S play a role in governed behaviors.
Similar topics covered in these chapters were; topography of a behavior (how the same behavior can look differently depending on the antecedent, target behaviors, the use of the ABC’s.
Terms: ABC’s, punishment, ruled governed behavior, consequence
The most interesting section was 5.2 because 5.1 was slightly just review:) The most notable things in 5.1 were that many situations have the same topographical behavior. Like a smile-it can be a smirk as in "you're kinda funny, but not really",or it can be a big smile as in "ya know, I kinda like you". Many behaviors appear the same however they serve different functions. However, it's part of our social norms to know what that function is. I'm sure that cross culturally some behaviors have similar topograhpy, however the actually meaning is totally different. Just because a behavior is being emmitted does not mean that it is the same in every culture!
The most interesting thing I learned in 5.2 was the 'rule goverened behavior'. This can result from established norms, morals, or ethical standards or from rules to which an organism has adhered throughout its history. This behavior is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecendent is verbal. The example listed was sexual relations between family members, it's a rule that is commonly know and you don't have to be taught and an aversive punishment is not needed before you engage in following this rule. There are several sourcese of rules. These sources can be: government, society, cultures, traditions, peers, etc.
Efficancy and dealines often help with maintaining goals are rules of governing behavior, which was also talked about in this section! Three things I'll remember: rules, getting organized, and more functions of topographically similar behaviors.
Terms: topography, antecedent, behaviors, aversive, punishment.
More to add:) Some behaviors are emitted or NOT (intentionally) emitted by individuals based on social norms. Another way to think about this is on the individual level. Some people chose not to engage in a behavior because they personally don't like it or it conflicts with their beliefs. The example I thought of way Holidays, not everyone celebrates easter because they may believe in that whole shin
The most interesting was over all the Rule Governed behavior. Which in turn implies that behavior is maintained by the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal. These are simple society norms and morals that culture may have. Having not really thought deeply about it, it's quiet amazing how a simple written down words that are followed by a punishment can enforce order. How it the law elicits, makes people obey by enforcing the law.
Important things is that these things can be from complex and extreme cases to the little things that may not matter. Ruled governed behavior gives order and safety to organisms; at least non-corrupt ruled governed anyway. Understanding that there are a variety of ways to modifying and elicited desired behaviors is an important factor.
In dealing with this topic reinforcement and punishment are key concepts that are important. Violators that emit undesired behavior hopefully get caught and give aversive punishments, though that may not always lead to corrected behavior. Organisms that comply to rules and laws are reinforced by not being punished one could say.
Terms: ruled governed behavior, elicit, reinforcement, punishment, aversive
The part that I found most interesting was probably the part in 5.1 talking about measuring behaviors. I often struggle with what the exact behavior is that I want to change. It is helpful to lay out the ABC's to keep my target goal in mind. One of my goals is to be healthier, but it's not very specific. I could say that I want to work out on MWF, specifically running.
So my A would be "I'm going to run for 30 mins on MWF"
B would be me actually emitting that behavior
C would be me feeling better about myself.
The part that was least interesting would be the topography of behavior. This was just repetitive to me because we have already learned the different ways topography is used. The example given in the reading was elicting the pushing/other behavior on the door and therefore behavior emitted is the door opening.
Three things that I found interesting would be:
1.A baseline is a record of the amount of the behavior of interest that we are currently emitting.
2.It is best to record the behaviors you emit right away.
3. Rule governed behavior is behavior which is maintained via the obligation of maintaining order where the antecedent is verbal.
The most useful part to me would be learning to measure and control my behaviors because i really want to be successful. Rule governed behavior relates to what we have learned in the past because we learn what behavior is desired by those around us because they either reinforce us, ignore us, or punish us. We then elict what behavior is expected of us, most of the time.
Elict, emit, baseline, reinforce, punish, ABC's, topography
In reading section 5.1, the most important thing I thought was defining the target behavior. This is sometimes the most difficult thing to do in modifying a behavior, especially if its one of your own. For me, one behavior I have been working on was losing weight and exercising more before my vacation in two weeks. I first told myself I was going to lose 5-10 lbs and exercise every day, but without giving myself specific target behaviors, this wasn’t working. I needed to give myself a smaller weight loss goal before the end day, set specific time limits and time of day for exercising, and have a specific meal plan for each day. This was the only way I would be able to measure my behaviors. I also have to realize the function of my behavior, the reason I am trying to lose weight is so I can wear a swimsuit and feel good in it, and so my summer clothes from last year fit me like they did last year. I need to know the topography of each function, such as running on the treadmill for 15 min each morning, and the function of it. There really wasn’t much I learned in this reading, it seemed like a repeat of other readings, but it was still interesting.
Rule governed behavior is a behavior that is maintained from rules or norms when the antecedent is verbal. Some rule governed behavior is based on religion, others on certain families, others on societal norms and ethics. Some rules we only follow sometimes at my house, and that is when my daughter is there. One thing I feel strongly about when she is there is eating dinner together as a family at the table. This is something that whoever is there at dinner time is expected to follow. If someone were to eat in front of the tv or in a different room, my daughter would tell them that is not allowed and they have to sit at the table, however, when she is not there, (at grandma’s for the night) my boyfriend and I have a tendency to eat in the living room in front of the tv with no question.
What I thought was the most interesting about this week’s reading was rule governed behavior. This comes from social norms, morals and laws. A lot of the behaviors we do are because it is expected. It is not even something that most people think about it. I do know that the majority of people break the law every day when they speed. It’s the norm to go five over. I get so angry when I am stuck behind someone going exactly the speed limit. The punishment when breaking a law when one is caught is very aversive (fine/jail) that is makes people really cautious. I know that whenever I see a cop car I slow way down and I think this is was most people do.
Terms: rule governed behavior, punishment, aversive