By now you should be familiar with the ABC's of behavior. I have an example of how to do a breakdown and analysis of a video (http://www.psychologicalscience.com/bmod/2010/09/positive-punishment-abcs.html ). By now you should have all revisited your original posts from last week's assignment and re evaluated it for the ABCs. I would like you to find a video that has some sort of discriminative stimulus, pick one behavior that has some sort of distinguishable consequence and do a break down and analysis of the video. Make sure you include the video link.
Include a list of the terms and concepts you used in your post. (example - Terms: positive reinforcer, extinction, reinforcer, discriminative stimulus...)
Let me know if you have any questions.
This clip is actually for an auction site, but I am much more focused on the product they are selling (a discriminative stimulus) and the behavior this discriminative stimulus would elicit, and then what behaviors people would emit because of it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxUNRNXj1dk&feature=related
(p.s. this guy has great sales tactics ;)
Breakdown:
A - In the context of a ringing bell
B - Cowboys come home
C - Cowboys are fed tasty supper before it gets cold.
“C” involves adding something (warm supper) so “C” is positive.
"B" will then increase because the consequence is pleasurable, so this is reinforcement.
Therefore, this is an example of Positive Reinforcement.
Analysis: In the context of the ringing bell, the sound it elicits will cause the cowboys to emit the behavior of running home. The consequence for running home on time is that the cowboys will be fed warm supper.
This is an example of positive reinforcement by the use of a discriminative stimulus. The discriminative stimulus (the ringing bell) tells us, and the cowboys, what type of behavior to emit. This discriminative stimulus results in a positive reinforcement when the behavior is done correctly. This will increase the behavior because the consequence is pleasurable.
Terms used: discrimintative stimulus, elicit, emit, pleasurable, positive, reinforcement, consequence
This is a video clip of a prank that was done in another country with a fake stop light. A few guys set up a fake stop light in the country to see how much people will take before they end up breaking the law. They continuously turned the stoplight to red which would produce a stopping behavior in drivers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWMk2OaI0T0
A=Man driving a tractor.
B=Stopping at traffic light.
C=Did not get a ticket.
In this case the traffic light was of course not really a legal light, but it still works to show the behavior of drivers. Because the driver did not get a ticket and added a stopping behavior to do so, this would be considered a form of negative reinforcement.
The stoplight elicits a stopping behavior in the tractor driver, who them emits a stopping behavior. The reason this discriminitive stimulus modifys behavior is because of law. The driver did not desire to break the law and have the consequence of getting a ticket for running a red light. The mad demonstrated a lot of patients before finally running the light.
Negative reinforcements, elicit, emit, discriminitive stimulus, consequence, and ABC's.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7zWxsvy274
This video was taken by what seems to be a surveillance camera. The driver ran the stop sign, which caused an accident.
A) In the context of a stopping at the stop sign
B) Driver runs through the stop sign
C) Causes three car pile up
The stop sign acts as a discriminative stimulus because it was supposed to regulate the driver’s behavior. The stop sign is elicits a stopping behavior, but the presence of the stop sign does not stop the driver. The driver is emitting a crime by running through the stop sign. The consequence is there fore a three car pile up. The consequence is aversive, and the three car pile up will most likely decrease the likelihood of the driver doing that again. Therefore, this example is positive punishment because we are A) Adding something (the three car pile up) and B) decreasing the likelihood of that happening again.
Terms used: context, discriminative stimulus, elicit, emit, consequence, aversive, positive punishment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydDwRzg2QQc
(2:36-2:47)
This is a compilation of clips from the TV series, "Lost". Non-Lost watchers may find the clip very confusing. However, you can get a basic understanding by watching 2:36 - 2:47, though for dramatic purposed I encourage you to watch the whole thing!
The Lost crew came across a hatch that contained a computer with a list of instructions. They were told to press a button every 108 minutes. They would know when to press the button when an alarm sounded when the clock reached 4 minutes. If they didn't press the button, the clock would emit a disaster sequence.
A: In the Swan Hatch
B: Press the button
C: Catastrophe avoided
The behavior (pressing the button) is being increased, making this a reinforcement procedure. Since the potential catastrophe of not pushing the button is being taken away, it is negative. Therefore, this is an example of Negative Reinforcement. Though the Lost crew doesn't exactly know what aversive catastrophe they are avoiding, the threat of it happening is enough to reinforce the button pushing behavior.
Clocks in our everyday life are considered discriminative stimuli. They alter the antecedent and elicit the behaviors we emit after looking at them. The clock in the Swan Hatch does the same thing. Every 108 minutes, the button must be pushed. When the clock reaches 4 minutes, an alarm sounds. Both the alarm and the clock itself act as the discriminative stimuli. This elicits whoever is near the computer to emit the code sequence to reset the clock.
Terminology: discriminative stimuli, negative reinforcement, aversive, emit, elicit, antecedent
In this video the discriminative stimulus is the bathroom sign. The man in the video could not hold it any longer and decided to go into the girls bathroom. When he came out because of the sign elliciting a certain correct behavior and the incorrect behavior was used the man was made fun of it by his friends.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7zPnzwDNUQ&feature=related
A- having to use the bathroom really bad
B-going in the other gender bathroom
C- getting made fun of
Because the man went into the womens rest room his friends found this the perfect opportunity to punish the man with positive punishment by video taping and laughing at him. Because he did not Emit the correct response to the sign he broke gender acceptable behaviors. By getting laughed at and noticed by his friends he will probably decrease the times he goes in the girls bathroom and just hold it a little longer untill he finds a gender appropriate bathroom.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPJvd9y5cgI&feature=related
The video I found has to examples of discriminative stimuli. It's a video of an intersection with a 4 way stop. The first example is for the regular citizens.
A:Coming up to a stop sign
B:stopping
C:good driving skills/no ticket
The second example is of the police officer
A:Having the authority of a police officer
B:Coming up to a stop sign
C:Running through the stop sign
In the first ABC, the discriminative stimulus is the stop sign because it tells people that they should stop before continuing driving. This is an example of negative reinforcement because the driver is not receiving a ticket due to the stopping behavior.
In the second ABC, the discriminative stimulus is the authority that the police officer has. This authority means that this officer thinks he can do what he wants and so he runs the stop sign. Depending on whether this police officer was caught decides if it is positive or negative punishment/reinforcement. If he doesn't get caught, it's negative reinforcement for the same reason as the regular citizen stopping. If he does get caught, it's most likely going to result in negative punishment if he gets some privileges taken away or some other similar form of punishment.
Terms: discriminative stimulus, positive, negative, reinforcement, punishment, behavior
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=975pBcPGTew
This is a short video of someone’s pug stepping on a doggy doorbell to signal that she wants to go outside.
Breakdown:
A: Wanting outside
B: ring bell
C: get let out
Because emitting a doorbell ringing behavior elicited the pug’s owner to let her out, this is an example of positive reinforcement. The pug is adding a behavior (ringing the bell) and is getting attention/let out (reinforcement). Because of this, the pug will likely continue ringing her doorbell when she wants/needs outside.
Analysis:
In the context of wanting to go outside, the pug emitted a doorbell ringing behavior which elicited her owner to come let her out which reinforces the dogs pleasurable behavior.
Because the doorbell elicits specific behaviors (owner getting up/letting dog out), it is a discriminative stimulus. I think this type of thing is sort of neat because while the owner wants to train their dog, they are also getting trained by their dog with the help of the discriminative stimulus.
Terms used: emit, elicit, reinforcement, discriminative stimulus, pleasurable
This clip is a funny commercial for bud light. ENJOY!
This commercial demonstrates use of positive reinforcement.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Gq7p86ZpgM&feature=related
A In the elevator,
B: drinking bud light brand of beer,
C: getting a phone number from a lady.
Analysis: In the context of being in the elevator with an attractive woman, the guy offers for them to drink some bud-light beers while they are stuck in the elevator, the bud-light made the woman so happy, the consequence was, she gave her phone number to him.
This is an example of positive reinforcement, because the consequence were pleasant and he would want to increase that respond, by doing that, he is going to offer more beers to ladies in the elevator. The descriptive stimulus in this video is the sharing of bud-light, so when somebody offers you bud-light you are going to be elicited to drink it with them, when you drink it and have a few laughs together, you are going to emit the behavior of giving somebody your phone number.
Terms Used: positive reinforcement, elicit, emit, consequence, context, descriptive stimulus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-wf2pP7T0Y&feature=related
This clip is from the office and it is a video montage of all of Micheal's that's what she said jokes. Instead of picking out just one particular joke I wanted to make an example of all of the jokes.
A= In the context of with his co-workers
B= Telling "That's what she said" jokes
C= Micheal laughs
The context with Micheal's co workers and the target behavior is the "That's what she said" joke. Micheal is reinforced by himself laughing at the target behavior which causes it to increase. This is positive reinforcement and it is also self reinforcement. Other people don't find this joke very funny but Micheal does which causes him to continue the target behavior of telling the joke and then positively reinforcing himself by laughing.
Terms: Self reinforcement, positive reinforcement, context, target behavior
When looking for this assignment I had trouble pinning down one behavior that would count as a discrimitive stimulus. So I went back through the reading and read through the section on discrimitive stimuli. The example of the stop sign was an easy one that I knew would be correct. In searching for this I came across good video that is actually kind of funny as well. An old man blatantly runs through a stop sign, and the video is shot from the police car that pulls him over. This old man tries to argue that he actually stopped, with no avail and still receives not only a citation, but is required to appear in court because it is his second moving violation in 12 months.
A stop sign should be a discrimitive stimulus to elicit a breaking behavior. If this is not followed it can result in a police officer emitting a positive punishing behavior by giving a citation.
The ABC’s of this behavior should’ve been
A= In the Context of a Stop sign
B= Emit a breaking behavior
C= Roads remain safe
What actually happened with this stimulus is:
A= In the Context of a stop sign
B= Old man did not stop
C= Received a citation for not following the discrimitive stimulus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGPakqCSh5I
Terms used: Discrimitive Stimulus, Positive punishment, Elicit, Emit,
Since discrimitive stimulus is a cue on what behavior to elicit I decided to use a video of a skunk. When people see a skunk they run as opposed to a cat all though they are sometimes similar looking like in the cartoon pepe le pew they are not. The video is about a prank where people have a stuffed animal skunk on a stick and they shove under the park bench when people are sitting there, and there reaction is to run (except the old man who probably thought it was a kitty due to his presumably poor eyesight).
A: Skunk under bench
B:people run
C: They don't get sprayed
So by not getting sprayed when they elicit the target behavior of running, it displays a negative reinforcement because it encouages the increase of frequency by avoiding the aversive consequence of gettin sprayed by a skunk.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwSqdL7fiE8
Terms used: discrimitive stimulus, elicit, negative punishment, consequence, target behavior
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmGGdZP9A0M
This is a clip from friends. In the clip the friends are in Vegas. Earlier in the episode Ross drew on Rachel's face and she refused to leave the room, so the two of them stayed in and got drunk.
A: In vegas
B: Ross and Rachel get drunk
C: Marriage
Being in Ross drawing on Rachel's face elicted a drinking behavior. Vegas is the discriminative stimulus because if they had not been in Vegas it is more than likely that they would not have emitted a marriage behavior since there aren't any 24-hour wedding chapels in New York (that I'm aware of).
Terms usd: elicited, discriminative stimulus, emitted
Forewarning, this video has graphic images of torture victims, this is not supposed to offend people for what they believe, but is a useful video given the context of the assignment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIKOJBj35E8
The discriminative stimulus in this video is the orders given to the soldiers. the behavior emitted by the soldiers is torture. And the consequence of these behaviors is the video itself, among other punishers.
A: Orders
B: Torture
C: Documentary is made
Analysis: in the context of the discriminative stimulus of military orders, the behavior of torture is emitted by soldiers. The documentary flashes pictures of the unethical behaviors emitted, which is a form of punishment for those found guilty of torture. The video is positive punishment, because the addition of watching the video is humiliating, and humiliation is a form of punishment.
Terms: discriminative stimulus, behavior, emitted, consequence, punishers, unethical, positive punishment.
The production of the documentary functions as a consequence, in that it is one of many forms in which the "secrets" of US torture use on its prisoners has been brought to the attention of the American people. It is a consequence because it puts doubt and punishes the American people for trusting that our military practices are always adherent to the Geneva Convention. This punishes the US military in that it must be more secretive in its practices, or choose more ethical means for information gathering. The behaviors of torture are therefore being challenged because not all US Americans are in favor of the use of torture. So this harms the US military's image and support.
This is a clip from the television series The Office. Dwight decides to test his coworkers' knowledge of fire safety by starting a small fire in the office. Nobody except Dwight knows that the danger isn't real. I apologize for the video quality. I searched for a higher quality clip, but couldn't find one. It's only necessary to watch this clip from the beginning until approximately 1:35 to understand this example, but the rest of it is pretty funny.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4N0zK30EFn4&feature=related
A. In the context of seeing smoke inside of the office
B. Stanley yells "Fire!"
C. resulting in everyone running for the exits in a panic.
Since "C" involves adding something (running), it is Positive.
Since "B" will increase (as people panic), it is Reinforcement.
Therefore this is an example of Positive Reinforcement.
Analysis: In the context of seeing smoke inside of the office, Stanley emits a yelling behavior ("Fire!") that elicits his coworkers to run for the building exits in a panic.
This is positive reinforcement, because a desirable stimulus (people running from the fire) was added in response to Stanley's yelling behavior. As a result, this should increase the frequency of Stanley yelling.
The smoke acted as a discriminative stimulus, because it signaled there was a fire (even though nobody could see flames). In response to a fire, everyone would need to exit the building to be safe. So the smoke signaled everyone to leave the building.
Terms: positive reinforcement, emits, elicits, desirable stimulus, discriminative stimulus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COucvpr9Ceo
In this clip, an intersection is under survelliance. We watch about 10 cars go through a stop sign. Only one of the cars made any move to actually stop but even they didn't come to a complete stop. Even the car that narrowly missed a car crossing in front of them ran through the sign. This clip doesn't show any consequence, for example, no one gets a traffic ticket or gets hit by another car. But because no one is stopping, a concerned individual set up a camera watching the stop sign.
Breakdown:
A-Intersection with a stop sign
B-Slow down, but continue going
C-Someone sets up a camera
The discriminative stimulus in the clip is clearly the stop sign and the stop sign is there because crossing traffic doesn't have to stop and the video description says that the corner is used as a bus stop for children on school days. The stop sign ellicits a stopping behavior and by not listening to it, the driver could either get a traffic ticket or get in an accident as a punishment.
Terms: ellicit, discriminative stimulus, punishment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKumrQB1wRA&feature=related
(2:10)
A discriminative stimulus is something that affects the likelihood of emitting a particular behavior. It is usually a part of the antecedent. This clip is from the Masters tournament this year in which being at the tournament elicits the behavior of shouting "get in the hole" which is typically a phrase used by observers present.
A: Golf tournament
B: Yelling "get in the hole"
C: Cheers
In the context of being at a golf tournament the behavior of yelling "get in the hole" is elicited having a consequence of cheers to following. Cheers is added reinforcing the behavior of yelling (although if the ball actually is made that consequence is more reinforcing than the cheers), thus this is Positive reinforcement.
Terms: Reinforcement, reinforcing, positive reinforcement, elicit, discriminative stimulus, emitting, antecedent
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOuvW8rMoGo
In this clip, you see the footage from a cop car of an Iowa Hawkeye lineman getting full on hit by a truck. Not only was it crazy that a police officer happened to be right there when the action happened, but it is also even more crazy that the guy gets right back up after the accident. Stud.
A- while driving his moped
B- drives through the intersection
C- get hit's by a turning truck
The discriminative stimulus in this video is the green light. Whenever we see green light, we automatically assume that everything is safe and okay to continue through an intersection. In this case, he you can tell he wasn't even looking and got taken by surprise by the truck, hence punishing him for driving through the intersection without looking thoroughly. This is a positive punishment because the accident was something added to the situation, and will likely lessen the chance that he emits this same behavior while driving through an intersection.
terms- discriminative stimulus, punishment, positive punishment, emit
I am trying my hardest to use all Family Guy videos for these video analysis blogs. I love Family Guy and using it makes these assignments kind of fun.
In this clip, Peter and Brian walk into an Italian meat locker. Brian begins to order some meat, but Peter interrupts him saying he will do the talking. Peter has recently grown a moustache and believes that he can speak Italian. Here is the breakdown:
A = Italian meat store
B = Speaking fake Italian
C = Italian person speaking back to Peter in Italian
They are in the context of the meat store. The fact that it is Italian elicits Peter's "Italian" language speaking. This makes the Italian meat store a discriminative stimulus. Peter would not have tried speaking Italian if he was in a different store with his moustache. The target behavior, speaking fake Italian, is reinforced by the Italian man talking back to Peter in his native language. Thus making it positive punishment, as the addition of conversation will make Peter believe he is actually speaking Italian and increase the likelihood he will do it again.
Terms Used: target behavior, elicit, reinforced, positive reinforcement, in the context of, discriminative stimulus
Here is the link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JhuOicPFZY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqTH5ll1StI&feature=channel
This is a clip from the television series Family Guy. In the video, Stewie waiting for his breakfast. During the wait he drinks some soda. After drinking he becames invincible.
A: In context of the kitchen.
B: Stewie drinks soda.
C: He running like madly.
Analysis: In the context of being in the kitchen. The discriminative stimulus in this video is the soda. When he drinks soda he becomes manic. The soda elicited a running behavior. Stewie emitted the running. The soda aroused his excitement, the consequence was, he became excited condition.
Terms: discriminative stimulus, elicited, emitted.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-6xWMzuSnk&feature=related
The Friends video link above provides a situation where the police officer serves as the discriminative stimulus. To most people, authority elicits an intimidating behavior, thus setting the occasion for those involved to emit a fearful behavior.
A- Monica and Rachel's apartment
B- NYPD knocks on door
C- Joey get scared
In the context of minding their own business in Monica and Rachel's apartment, this particular antecedent serves as an unusual place for NYPD to arrive unless an emergency or someone was in trouble. Of course, Joey thought he was in trouble for "stealing" the pizza from 2nd floor so when the police officer knocked on the door, Joey got scared. He emit the target behavior of a verbal panic followed by "hiding the evidence." This would be an example of positive punishment because adding Joey's emitted scared behavior in hopes to decrease NYPD knocking on the door. Even though the police man was there to ask Phoebe on a date, the fact that he's an authority figure serves as a discriminate stimulus.
Vocabulary: discriminative stimulus, elicit, emit, target behavior, positive punishment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2SqKRCa1a8
This example of a discriminative stimulus involves a rat in an operant chamber that emits different behaviors based on the type of music that is being played. If the rat hears techno music it will spin around in a circle, and if it hears classical music it will press a lever. These discriminative stimuli tell the rat to emit a certain behavior and then it will be reinforced with water.
A: rat in operant chamber while classical music is playing
B: presses lever
C: reinforced with water
terms: emit, discriminative stimulis, reinforced
In the context of an operant chamber, the discriminative stimlus (classical Music) elicits the rat to emit a lever pressing behavior. Once the rat emits this behavior it will be reinforced with water.